Ron Paul '08: A Primary vs Caucus Results Case Study

No serious political observer ever believed that Ron Paul had a real chance to win the Republican nomination for President in 2008. Ron Paul was always destined to be a spirited also ran. But one thing Ron Paul was clarly able to do was gather a very enthusiastic and determined group of followers around him who were willing to go to extrordinary lengths in their attempt to win Ron Paul the Republican nomination. I decided to review the election results for the Republican contests using February 5th as a snap shot in time baseline, while Mitt Romney was still in the race and Republicans still had 4 contenders actively fighting for the nomination. I wanted to see if there was any noticable difference in how Ron Paul, with his highly motivated core base of support, performed in Primary vs Caucus contests. This is what I found.

The following 15 States held Republican Primaries on February 5th. I will list them all along with the percentage of votes that Ron Paul won in each:

Alabama: Ron Paul 3%
Arizona: Ron Paul 4%
Arkansas: Ron Paul 5%
California: Ron Paul 4%
Connecticut: Ron Paul 4%
Delaware: Ron Paul 4%
Georgia: Ron Paul 3%
Illinois: Ron Paul 5%
Massachusettes: Ron Paul 3%
Missouri: Ron Paul 4%
New Jersey: Ron Paul 5%
New York: Ron Paul 6%
Oklahoma: Ron Paul 3%
Tennessee: Ron Paul 6%
Utah: Ron Paul 3%

The following 6 States held Republican Caucuses on February 5th. I will list them all along with the percentage of votes that Ron Paul won in each:

Alaska: Ron Paul 17%
Colorado: Ron Paul 8%
Minnesota: Ron Paul 17%
Montana: Ron Paul 25%
North Dakota: Ron Paul 21%
West Virginia: Ron Paul 0%

Several observations jump right out at you from this data. The first is the remarkably small range in support, a 3% differential, that Ron Paul registered in the Super Tuesday primaries that he was on the ballot for; all of his results falling between 3% and 6%, with his average showing for all 15 Super Tuesday primary states combined being 4.13%.

The caucus states however tell a different story, with Ron Paul's best showing in a caucus state (Montana where he won an impressive one quarter of the total vote that night) beating his best showing in a primary state (New York and Tennessee) by over 400%. Ron Paul also had his poorest showing in the caucus state of West Virginia, where it seemed he could not reach the viable threshold and tallied zero support as a result. His average showing for all 6 Super Tuesday caucus states combined is 14.67%. If one were to arbitrarily assume that Ron Paul initially received the same degree of support in West Virginia that he did in his average primary state, had his WV support been viable (a conservative estimate) Paul's average percentage of support in these 6 States would break 15%.

In total then, even factoring in his WV support at zero, Ron Paul received a little over 350% more support in Super Tuesday caucus states than he did in Super Tuesday primary states.

Admittedly there are other variables at play, the most important being the liklihood that Ron Paul campaigned much more aggressively in caucus states than in primary states, but that begs the question, why? There is some potential circular reasoning to consider. Did Ron Paul fare so much worse in primary states because he only contested caucus states, or did he only contest caucus states because he knew he fared so much more poorly in primary states? Some circumstantial evidence supports the latter conclusion.

There was one primary state that Ron Paul did very aggressively contest and that was New Hampshire. He had his best 2008 primary showing in New Hampshire, winning 8% of the vote. New Hampshire of course is the state with the motto "Live Free or Die", good potential territory for an anti-war Libertarian. Although NH has been trending Democratic in very recent years, those Democrats weren't voting in NH's Republican primary, and by all reports Ron Paul devoted significant resourses toward doing well in New Hampshire. New Hampshire's primary date was sandwiched between two Republican caucus contests which Ron Paul also contested, and the Republican field was more crowded in all of them than on Super Tuesday, with Thompson and Giuliani still in the race for all three. In Iowa preceding New Hampshire, Ron Paul won 10% of the vote, and in Nevada following New Hampshire, Ron Paul won 14% of the vote.

Observatrions and insights gleened from looking at Ron Paul's relative success in caucus over primary states are not directly transferable onto the Democratic nomination battle now unfolding for several important reasons, most notable among them being the fact that both remaining Democrats in the race for the Democratic nomination have always been serious contenders to walk away with that nomination. None the less it does, in my opinion, shed light on how a highly dedicated and motivated core base of supporters can exercise far greater influence in determining the results in a caucus contest than they can in a primary contest. In Ron Paul's case the difference is striking.



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Re: Ron Paul '08: A Primary vs Caucus Results Case (none / 0)

Though I could care less about Ron Paul's candidacy, this diary furthers an argument that is important for the Democratic campaign as well: caucus results give too much authority to small numbers of activists.


by markjay on Sun Feb 10, 2008 at 10:54:57 AM EST

Re: Ron Paul '08: A Primary vs Caucus Results Case (none / 0)

I have a small correction that changes your data a bit: West Virginia did not hold a Republican caucus, it held a Republican "convention."  Thus, it was even less Democratic than a caucus, attended by perhaps 1000 state Republicans.  

There were two ballots.  On the first ballot, Paul got a little over 10% of the vote.  Romney lead with 42%, but the convention rules required an outright majority to get the delegates at stake.  Paul and then McCain supporters (also about 10%) threw their votes to Huckabee (who had about 35%), and put him over the top.  McCain supporters did it to screw over Romney, Paul supporters did so in engage for three of the eighteen delegates at state.


by mgee on Sun Feb 10, 2008 at 11:06:38 AM EST

Re: Ron Paul '08: A Primary vs Caucus Results Case (none / 0)

Thanks for that information on West Virginia. It seems like the entire concept of any popular vote there is a stretch. But if we factor in Ron Paul's "actual" support in West Virginia at 10%, continue to call West Virginia a caucus state and then redo the averages, that would push Paul's totals up to 16.33% in caucus states compared to my earlier lower figure of 14.67%.  

That would mean that Ron Paul did almost exactly 4 times better in Super Tuesday caucus states than he did in Super Tuesday primary states.


Blogging at http://www.aleftturnforclark.com
by Tom Rinaldo on Sun Feb 10, 2008 at 11:30:19 AM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Ron Paul '08: A Primary vs Caucus Results Case (none / 0)

There will be a popular vote: West Virginia holds full primaries for both parties on May 13.  The Republicans wanted some attention from the national media and from the candidates, though, and I doubt the WV Republican party had the resources (financial or otherwise), to put together an actual caucus, so  they created the convention thing.

They  have 30 national delegates, and will award 18 based on the results of the convention, and 12 based on the popular vote in May.


by mgee on Sun Feb 10, 2008 at 12:14:58 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Ron Paul '08: A Primary vs Caucus Results Case (none / 0)

Call me crazy, but I admire Ron Paul; I even agree with him on some very specific arguments he likes to raise, but I would argue he did well in states that did not clearly have a McCain/Romney divide.  For example, Romney had Nevada easily and Paul came in second.

He's like our Dennis Kucinich, and when a candidate becomes clear or the state is clearly leaning one way or another, Paul does fairly well.


by ejintx on Sun Feb 10, 2008 at 11:07:24 AM EST

Re: Ron Paul '08: A Primary vs Caucus Results Case (none / 0)

Ugh: in exchange, not in engage.  


by mgee on Sun Feb 10, 2008 at 11:07:32 AM EST

Re: Ron Paul '08: A Primary vs Caucus Results Case (none / 0)

Sorry, you lost me.


Blogging at http://www.aleftturnforclark.com
by Tom Rinaldo on Sun Feb 10, 2008 at 11:30:38 AM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Ron Paul '08: A Primary vs Caucus Results Case (none / 0)

Sorry.  I meant to correct a typo in my earlier reply, but didn't hit reply - so it came out as a confusing post.


by mgee on Sun Feb 10, 2008 at 12:07:25 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Ron Paul '08: A Primary vs Caucus Results Case (none / 0)

Good post.  One update -- CNN shows Ron Paul at 7% in the New York primary.

The difference in caucus results vs. primary results is a reflection of the people participating in each.  Primary voters are generally less serious, less committed, and less well-informed.  They are more apt to include people who rely on the media to tell them which two or three candidates have a legitimate shot to win, and to constrain their choices to those few.  They only have to show up for a few minutes to vote.

Caucus goers are generally more committed, more informed, and more dedicated to a particular candidate in advance.  They have to plan to attend at a particular time, and stay for a few hours.  Casual voters don't bother.

Ron Paul had more actual grassroots volunteers, and they were much better organized, than any other Republican candidate.  They planned for weeks in advance to participate, and to identify and encourage other supporters to attend.  With much lower turnout as a percentage of the population, those efforts were more effective in caucus states.


by Lex on Sun Feb 10, 2008 at 03:23:33 PM EST


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