Weaseling Out of Contempt Charges -- Perhaps Not So Easy

The Bush administration has been fairly clear in recent weeks that if Congressional Democrats cite any administration officials for contempt of Congress as a result of their obfuscation (and clear contept of Congress, in their intentions, at the least, and potentially in a legal sense as well), the Bush Justice Department will not move forward with such charges. In this case, Congress would have no choice but to bring up impeachment hearings, most likely of Attorney General Alberto Gonzales first, right? Well, according to Neil A. Lewis and David Johnston of The New York Times, the legislative branch may have another card up their sleeve.

Congress has another route to enforce its will, an inherent power of contempt. But that has not been used since early in the 20th century. It has long been deemed unwieldy in the modern era as it entails Congress stopping all work to hold its own trial and imprisoning any offenders in the basement of the Capitol.

I'll admit that I was entirely unfamiliar with the concept of inherent contempt by which Congress actually tries and (potentially) incarcerates someone for disrespecting their will. According to Wikipedia,

Under this process, the procedure for holding a person in contempt involves only the chamber concerned. Following a contempt citation, the person cited for contempt is arrested by the Sergeant-at-Arms for the House or Senate, brought to the floor of the chamber, held to answer charges by the presiding officer, and then subject to punishment that the House may dictate (usually imprisonment for punishment reasons, imprisonment for coercive effect, or release from the contempt citation.)

The last time Congress undertook such an action was during Franklin Delano Roosevelt's first term in office, when a lawyer in a case involving the United States Postmaster and the airlines was imprisoned for 10 days after having been found to have allowed his clients to destroy documents. The case was appealed to the Supreme Court, which found that Congress was within its constitutional powers.

Two interesting aspects of such a trial, should Congress opt to undertake one in the face of Bush administration obstruction, are that the defendant can only be kept in jail for the duration of the Congress (i.e. only through January 2009, in this case) and that, should the trial occur in the Senate rather than in the House, none other than Dick Cheney, as Vice President (and thus President of the Senate), would preside.

It still seems to me that impeachment of the Attorney General or possibly defunding political and aide to the Attorney General positions within the Department of Justice would be less risky (though still risky) maneuvers for Congress to use should the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia fail to follow through on a contempt charge brought forward by Congress. Nonetheless, it is interesting to note (and worth noting) that Congress isn't complely out of luck should members of the Bush administration try to weasel out of contempt charges.



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Re: Weaseling Out of Contept Charges -- Perhaps No (none / 0)

Interesting post. It strikes me that the optics of locking Harriet Miers in the cupboard below the stairs, though delightful to some (me included), might on balance be very bad. We would certainly end up on the wrong side of the late-night monologues. It would potentially shift the narrative from Bush flouting the law, to Congress being nasty and vindictive. What about making it clear, through leaks to the media or whatever, that Congress will continue to pursue this matter, including contempt charges, into the next administration? This would let those involved know they are not above the law, and have the added benefit of potentially making GOP candidates go on record as supporting or rejecting the Bush administration's theory of the Presidency as above the law and the constitution.


by thesleepthief on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 10:38:57 AM EST

Re: Weaseling Out of Contept Charges (none / 0)

>>>>What about making it clear, through leaks to the media or whatever, that Congress will continue to pursue this matter, including contempt charges, into the next administration?

John Edwards is the only presidential candidate most likely to pursue charges against the Bush administration - and as secretive as it's been - it's likely more corruption will be exposed AFTER Jan. 09.
This is one of my major reasons for supporting John Edwards - and a major reason the media disses him.


Hillary/Obama08
by annefrank on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 11:35:22 AM EST
[ Parent ]

Capitol Police Posse (none / 0)

If you play this out fully, you have to imagine the Capitol Police putting together a posse to go out and apprehend Gonzo. But then, think of it, Bush would have the Secret Service, with better training and arms, to fend off the Congressional Police. He probably has additional money set aside to hire Blackwater to guard the Whitehouse. Then what?


by anothergreenbus on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 10:56:47 AM EST

Re: Capitol Police Posse (none / 0)

I'm with you on this one. I don't see any Bush loyalist going willingly. I do see certain elements in the administration excited at the opportunity to say "no" to Congress while displaying guns. The administration could take whoever Congress charges into some sort of protective custody. At that point, it might be possible for Congress to go to court with a Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus. I haven't researched the issue, but that's where I'd start.

The whole situation is horrifying to think about in terms of the Bush administration's demonstrated willingness to just disregard the powers of the other branches.


by Mobar on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 02:21:01 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Weaseling Out of Contept Charges -- Perhaps No (3.00 / 1)

I hate to be the acting like grammar police but it might be a good idea to spell check the title of your diary :)   That can be edited after the fact, right?


by soros on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 11:19:33 AM EST

Re: Weaseling Out of Contept Charges -- Perhaps No (none / 0)

Thanks. I suppose that's what happens when you try to hastily post while sitting in the airport.


Blogging here @ MyDD.com. Twittering @jonathanhsinger.
by Jonathan Singer on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 12:44:24 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Weaseling Out of Contempt Charges (none / 0)

One of the aspects of this situation that I don't quite understand is this:  these folks are almost all lawyers.  If they are in contempt of a Congressional subpoena (and they are) why aren't the appropriate chairmen moving to have them disbarred.  Complaints to the relevant ethics committees in D.C. should at least produce a hearing to revoke their ability to practice law.  I'm not a lawyer but I would think this would produce some quick results.  Any legal eagles that could weigh in on this?


by Demo Dan in Dayton on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 01:10:59 PM EST

If they filibuster? (none / 0)

Here's a question for the lawyers here.  If the majority of the Senate exercises its inherent contempt power can there be a filibuster?  The motion to arrest a member, as I remember Robert's Rules, is a privileged motion in ordinary parliamentary procedure and therefore it might only take a majority vote to stop debate under the Senate rules.

Once the citation is issued, as you describe the procedure, it sounds to me like a filibuster of the trial would be a rather futile procedure.  The person on trial would be confined to the Senate chamber and forced to listen to Senators' orations nonstop - which I think would be a much worse fate than sitting in the DC jail.


by BRoss on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 01:18:24 PM EST

Re: If they filibuster? (none / 0)

Not sure, but then if they go this way, it should be done in the House to avoid the spectacle and mockery of having Dick Cheney presiding over it.


by scientician on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 08:49:30 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Jail House Rock (none / 0)

I am all for proceeding with the Contempt of Congress charges. Bring them by force to both Houses, try them and then put them in the pokey. If Bush wants to play Emperor then perhaps it is time to show that he is without clothes. I welcome the initiatives to demonstrate to the American people that no one is above the law. If this gets taken to the Supreme Court and they rule in Bush's favor there will be a complete revolution: rioting in the streets, marches on Washington, absolute civil disobedience.

To quote someone they might understand:

Bring it on!


by DoIT on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 01:59:32 PM EST

Re: Weaseling Out of Contempt Charges -- Perhaps N (3.00 / 2)

Several points. First, any inherent contempt charge will have to come from the house, because a minority in the Senate can filibuster (or, as is now the practice, send a sweet little note that they will filibuster), thereby halting a Senate effort at contempt. As an aside, the Senate's contempt power is believed to be indefinite, running from Congress to Congress, while the House, which is reconstituted every election cycle, can only hold a party in contempt till the end of the Congress.

Another question that has arisen regarding contempt of congress is whether the President can commute or pardon any Congressional contempt charge or sentence. I have not checked the scant caselaw, but my reading of Article II is that the President "shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment."  I would argue that a contempt of one house of Congress is not an offense against the United States, and the provision stating that the President has no power to reprieve or pardon in impeachment cases is exactly on point, since the contempt powers of Congress are like its impeachment powers. In other  words, the President's pardon powers are limited to decisions by the Judicial branch.

I have not read the detailed history of the contempt power, but I'll wager that the contempt statute was passed simply because the Justice Department has the whole mechanism of law enforcement at its hand, such as law officers, detention facilities, etc.

Since 1975, 10 executive o
fficials have faced congressional contempt charges for failure to provide evidence in a congressional investigation. See Congressional Oversight Manual. (Every Democrat ought to have a copy under the pillow.)

However, Jonathan, the logic of your conclusion escapes me.  Impeachment involves both chambers, and given the makeup of the Senate, is doomed to failure. It is a very major event which sucks energy out of almost anything else the Congress is doing.  Democrats would face justifiable criticism over starting a process that they know from the beginning will fail. That smacks of vendetta.

On the other hand, the public can be made to understand that administration officials have violated legal procedures and that the administration refuses to uphold the law. They can understand that, just like a court, if Congress cannot punish those who flout its authority, it has no power to investigate.

The story is really simple. "We passed the contempt statute years ago to make our very rare assertions of contempt go smoothly. This administration has forced us to go back to the power inherent in the Constitution, just to be able to search for the truth." To me, that plays a lot better than "We're going to start impeachment knowing it will fail."


by anoregonreader on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 02:28:18 PM EST

Re: Weaseling Out of Contempt Charges -- Perhaps N (none / 0)

I agree with everything you state.


by DoIT on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 02:35:38 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Weaseling Out of Contempt Charges -- Perhaps N (none / 0)

I'm not particularly arguing for the impeachment of Alberto Gonzales at this point, but it seems that it would be less politically risky than Congress imprisoning Gonzales. But great info. Thanks for the details.


Blogging here @ MyDD.com. Twittering @jonathanhsinger.
by Jonathan Singer on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 02:43:46 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Weaseling Out of Contempt Charges -- Perhaps N (none / 0)

One thing to think about: turning the Capitol Police into a real independent law enforcement agency.

Before you folks dismiss this as crazy, there's an analogue -- during the early 1960s, the Kennedy Administration turned the US Marshal Service (which had hitherto been a bit of a joke) into a professional organization with the power to enforce rulings in civil rights cases. There's a historical precedent and a demonstrated benefit to having non-executive sources of police power.

It would obviously look a bit silly for the House Sergeant at Arms to threaten Harriet Miers with the Ceremonial Mace and that makes little sense. But having a serious Capitol Police force, able to enforce Congressional subpoenas, might just help to redress the balance of power. Congress can, of course, appropriate itself the funds anytime it wishes.


by ConnecticutHack on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 03:08:06 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Weaseling Out of Contempt Charges -- Perhaps N (none / 0)

No, I don't think it would be silly.

It would be highly symbolic, and let's see if Miers or Bolten resists the arrest.

Or better, if the Secret Service intervenes, which would make Bush's refusal to comply with the law crystal clear to the nation.

Attempting to out-gun the Executive branch is ultimately futile.  Even if every Capitol Hill cop goes to arrest a WH figure, the Secret Service can easily put out an intimidating display of force, or just scoot the person away quickly before the Capitol Hill police even arrive.


by scientician on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 08:59:15 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Weaseling Out of Contempt Charges -- Perhaps N (none / 0)

Actually, I think inherent contempt predates the statuatory contempt proceedings whereby the DoJ prosecutes upon a citation from a chamber of Congress.

It dates back to British parliament actually, and my understanding is that it was originally the only way Congress enforced subpoenas until this century.


by scientician on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 08:51:59 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Weaseling Out of Contempt Charges -- Perhaps N (none / 0)

I don't see impeachment and contempt as an either/or proposition, but the contempt is directed at the witness--i.e., Harriet Miers. Others have appeared and almost certainly given false testimony. That amounts to a separate violation of 18 USC section 1001 (up to 5 years imprisonment). Right now, though, contempt would be limited to a few very witnesses. It would be a great "big stick" for all of the subpoenas yet to be issued by the House.

Besides, one of the best parts of an inherent contempt proceeding is all of the current and former administration officials who go into hiding to escape arrest. That would be beautiful.


by anoregonreader on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 02:58:17 PM EST

Re: Weaseling Out of Contempt Charges -- Perhaps N (3.00 / 1)

Besides, one of the best parts of an inherent contempt proceeding is all of the current and former administration officials who go into hiding to escape arrest. That would be beautiful.

Actually I wasn't going to say anything. But an anonymous source of mine told me that Bush's colonoscopy was a ruse. What he actually went in for was to have several of his staff hidden up his ass for this very purpose.


by DoIT on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 03:19:58 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Weaseling Out of Contempt Charges -- Perhaps N (none / 0)

Are you kidding me? Speaker Pelosi would like nothing more than to be able to order the Sergeant of Arms to probe Bush's colon in search of Harriet Miers. The Sergeant at Arms just might mutiny, however.


by ConnecticutHack on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 03:46:53 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Weaseling Out of Contempt Charges -- Perhaps N (none / 0)

Our colonoscopy continues.


by anoregonreader on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 03:34:27 PM EST

Dems need to crap or get off the pot (none / 0)

Can someone tell me what in the hell the Democrats are trying to accomplish here?  Really.  I have NO IDEA what they are trying to accomplish.

The Democrats have more than enough ammunition to impeach Bush.  Cheney or Gonzales would be a slam dunk.  Much to my dismay, the Democrats have decided to take it "off the table".

Fine. It's off the table.

So, why do they want Miers' testimony? So that they can get to Rove?  And what if they could get Rove to testify?  To get to Bush?  And what then?  After all the legal wrangling, including possible trips to the U.S. Supreme Court?  What if Miers and/or Rove actually slipped up and implicated Bush and Gonzales in the U.S. Attorney scandal?  What then?  Are the Democrats going to begin impeachment hearings on Bush sometime next year, during a presidential race?

Look.  Bush OBVIOUSLY has politicized the DOJ.  Gonzales has OBVIOUSLY already lied to Congress about it.  The White House is OBVIOUSLY stonewalling.

Either begin impeachment hearings NOW or shut up already.


by space on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 05:09:30 PM EST

Re: Dems need to crap or get off the pot (none / 0)

Yes, they can impeach tomorrow.  Great, now try and get 67 senators to vote to convict.

That's what they're waiting for, momentum to do such a thing.  Certainly there are grounds to question this approach, but it's not so incomprehensible as you're portraying it.  It's just prudent, likely far too prudent, but there it is.


by scientician on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 08:53:39 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Dems need to crap or get off the pot (none / 0)

Momentum?  Are you kidding me?  And you think the testimony of Harriet Miers is going to provide the momentum?

Look, a majority of Americans support the impeachment of Dick Cheney.  I haven't seen the numbers on Gonzales, but the news openly reports that the DOJ in D.C. has virtually shut down from the scandals.  Dems could impeach Gonzales in a heart beat.  

I recognize that some Democrats don't support impeachment.  They think we should just wait out the rest of the Bush term.  If they want to take impeachment off the table that is their choice.  I disagree with it, but I understand their argument.

But if that is their choice, can we stop with the faux-scandal investigations?  What is the point if will KNOW that anything that turns up will NOT lead to impeachment?  

Gonzales is a lying, water-carrying fool.  Miers is an unethical sycophant.  Bush and Cheney are openly stonewalling and obstructing justice.  We know all that now.  We don't need months more of stupid hearings and court proceedings to find it out.

Either you give the Bush-Cheney team a pass or you don't.  Just make up your mind.


by space on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 10:18:32 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Dems need to crap or get off the pot (none / 0)

Impeachment is foolish. There are not enough Senators to convict anyone. So the end result would be impeached in the House, found not guilty in the Senate and the person goes on serving just as before . All of the time wasted to make a point that doesn't even matter. Because I will assure you of one thing, and this should be glaringly obvious: Bush and his Neocons couldn't care less what the Democratic party or anyone other than their own kind think. It matters not a whit to them. So seriously, stop all this crap about impeachment. It is counterproductive.

Contempt of Congress is another matter entirely. If it occurs in the House, Bush's gangstas don't stand a chance. And they can either be locked up in the basement or locked in with some crack heads in the DC jail. Works for me!


by DoIT on Sun Jul 22, 2007 at 09:48:16 AM EST
[ Parent ]

Inherent vs statuatory contempt (none / 0)

I think Congress should exhaust the statuatory powers by passing a citation motion onto the DoJ and awaiting the inevitable refusal to prosecute by AGAG.  Then, an inherent contempt proceeding would be dramatic and likely to garner support.

No gunfights or whatnot, just the Sergeant-At-Arms making a symbolic arrest of whomever, and let us see if the Secret Service intervenes - because such a move would play like the Kent massacre, or the firehoses turned on civil rights marchers - the kind of dramatic move which electrifies the nation against the president.


by scientician on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 08:56:50 PM EST

Re: Weaseling Out of Contempt Charges -- (none / 0)

actually i think the capitol building has jail cells in the one of the lower levels


by orin76 on Sat Jul 21, 2007 at 09:10:57 PM EST


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