The Bush administration has been fairly clear in recent weeks that if Congressional Democrats cite any administration officials for contempt of Congress as a result of their obfuscation (and clear contept of Congress, in their intentions, at the least, and potentially in a legal sense as well), the Bush Justice Department will not move forward with such charges. In this case, Congress would have no choice but to bring up impeachment hearings, most likely of Attorney General Alberto Gonzales first, right? Well, according to Neil A. Lewis and David Johnston of The New York Times, the legislative branch may have another card up their sleeve.
Congress has another route to enforce its will, an inherent power of contempt. But that has not been used since early in the 20th century. It has long been deemed unwieldy in the modern era as it entails Congress stopping all work to hold its own trial and imprisoning any offenders in the basement of the Capitol.
I'll admit that I was entirely unfamiliar with the concept of inherent contempt by which Congress actually tries and (potentially) incarcerates someone for disrespecting their will. According to Wikipedia,
Under this process, the procedure for holding a person in contempt involves only the chamber concerned. Following a contempt citation, the person cited for contempt is arrested by the Sergeant-at-Arms for the House or Senate, brought to the floor of the chamber, held to answer charges by the presiding officer, and then subject to punishment that the House may dictate (usually imprisonment for punishment reasons, imprisonment for coercive effect, or release from the contempt citation.)
The last time Congress undertook such an action was during Franklin Delano Roosevelt's first term in office, when a lawyer in a case involving the United States Postmaster and the airlines was imprisoned for 10 days after having been found to have allowed his clients to destroy documents. The case was appealed to the Supreme Court, which found that Congress was within its constitutional powers.
Two interesting aspects of such a trial, should Congress opt to undertake one in the face of Bush administration obstruction, are that the defendant can only be kept in jail for the duration of the Congress (i.e. only through January 2009, in this case) and that, should the trial occur in the Senate rather than in the House, none other than Dick Cheney, as Vice President (and thus President of the Senate), would preside.
It still seems to me that impeachment of the Attorney General or possibly defunding political and aide to the Attorney General positions within the Department of Justice would be less risky (though still risky) maneuvers for Congress to use should the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia fail to follow through on a contempt charge brought forward by Congress. Nonetheless, it is interesting to note (and worth noting) that Congress isn't complely out of luck should members of the Bush administration try to weasel out of contempt charges.
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