Dan Owens is a Rural Policy Organizer at the Center for Rural Affairs.
The five-year omnibus legislation called the "Farm Bill" is due to expire in September of this year. This bill sets the bulk of food, farm, and rural development policy in the United States. What crops are produced, who produces them, and what U.S. rural policy looks like are determined by this bill. The legislation that passes and is signed into law as part of this process will be policy for the next five years.
With months of discussion already behind us, the farm bill is now in the very beginning stages of being written. This initial writing takes place in the Agriculture Committees in both the House and Senate. The House is slightly ahead of the Senate, and this week's interesting farm bill news comes from House Agriculture Committee Chair Collin Peterson (D-MN).
Peterson is insisting that the House version of the farm bill will be written only by Agriculture Committee members, and that House leadership will back him up on this.
Philip Brasher of the Des Moines Register writes:
The chairman of the House Agriculture Committee is throwing down the gauntlet to colleagues who want to make major changes in farm policy: Get a committee member to sponsor your ideas or don't try to push them.
This presents a challenge for reform advocates, as some of the most significant ideas for change are coming from Democratic House members who are not on the Ag Committee. These members are calling for reform of current commodity programs by shifting money to conservation, nutrition, biofuels, and rural development. If Peterson does in fact have a promise from leadership to limit debate or deny amendments on the floor, this growing chorus of calls for farm bill reform may not be heard.
The possibility that these voices will be stifled by House leadership prompted Ken Cook, President of the Environmental Working Group, to write:
Will Pelosi really instruct--or tacitly signal--Democrats to approve whatever the House Agriculture Committee delivers, sometime this summer or fall? Will she discourage consideration of ideas found in the proliferation of "marker bills" that seek to tighten payment limits; shift billions out of commodity subsidies and into conservation, nutrition and rural development; give fruit and vegetable producers meaningful support; or refashion the farm safety net altogether? Will she say that when it comes to farm policy, the House has 46 members, not 435?
Off-committee reformers see the committee as too invested in the current system, and thus unwilling to accept the changes necessary to bring any significant reform to the farm bill. These off-committee reformers now boast over 200 cosponsors on a handful of alternative bills being floated in the House.
These bills could be offered as floor amendments to the bill written by the Ag Committee. If Pelosi blocks floor votes on these bills, reforms supported by the majority of the House may not make it into the House version of the farm bill because the votes will never be allowed.
This is a test for the new House leadership, and its stated commitment to allowing a more open and honest political process. As Chuck Hassebrook, Executive Director of the Center for Rural Affairs, recently said:
The new farm bill will be the first in more than three decades to be developed by a Democratic Congress. The party must decide where it stands. Will it govern like it campaigns as the champion of the little guy? Or, will it engage in politics as usual by talking a good line but, in the end, lining the pockets of powerful interests?
Quite possibly the greatest opportunity for progressive reform of the Farm Bill in the House will come on the floor. In order for leadership to avoid a floor fight on the farm bill, they need the support of the Rules Committee. If Nancy Pelosi is able to force the Rules Committee to severely limit the number and type of amendments that will be offered on the floor, any hope of substantive reform may well be lost.
Interestingly, seven of the nine Democrats on the Rules Committee are cosponsors of legislation supporting farm bill reform. House Democrats on the Rules Committee should be urged to take farm bill reform seriously, and to commit themselves to an open and democratic legislative process. Notably, the latter would also be an excellent way of distinguishing themselves from the former House leadership. Both positions are clearly worth fighting for, and by offering support on both fronts, grassroots activists can influence farm bill politics at its core.
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