The Public Airwaves and Nationwide Wifi

Andy Kessler has a really good post in the New York Times on a potentially revolutionary FCC auction later this year.  Kessler runs down the way the public airwaves are managed (badly and for the benefit of monopolists), and discussed something called the 700 auction, which is a huge chunk of awesome spectrum coming free in two years.  There are lots of bidders, but one group is being left out.  Us.  

Wifi is a great example of what happens when individuals can innovate around a monopoly.

But the telecomopolists can't have some clown sitting in a Starbucks writing an opinion piece bypass their for-pay infrastructure, so they always insist on ownership of spectrum in separate licensed bands. For their use only. Ownership. Until the 1990s, most of the licenses were given away. But the F.C.C. and their European counterparts, thinking there might be a free market model of bandwidth management of the future, started auctioning off spectrum. Third generation, or 3G, licenses raised $150 billion or more for governments, that's real money, and the auctions were considered a success.

But 3G ain't free -- the winners, AT&T, Verizon, Orange in the U.K., and the like just passed along the costs as higher prices to customers. It was just a game of having the deepest pockets to outbid mere mortals. Customers would eventually pay. It was hidden tax on us peons - damaging economic growth instead of promoting it. And not coincidentally, 3G uses spread spectrum technology so callers can share the airwaves without interfering. So why exactly does someone have to "own" this spectrum?

That's why auctioning off this 700-MHz block is so last century. The lower the frequency, the further signals can travel without degrading, better to penetrate homes and offices. This is a desirable chunk of spectrum. But why not just make it an unlicensed band? Entrepreneurs will come up with more interesting services than cellphone operators who think text messaging is somehow worth 10 cents a pop.

F.C.C. Chairman Kevin Martin has asked for free market proposals for use of the spectrum. Recognizing that police and fire departments with 500,000 radios operable in this band are going to have an important say, one proposal from Hundt and his company, Frontline Wireless, offers a mixed use of the spectrum, with public safety getting priority during emergencies. This is the same guy who triggered the largest misallocation of capital in history with his Telecommunications Reform Act of 1996. Hundt has backers in uber-C.E.O. Jim Barksdale (Netscape, FedEx) and uber-venture capitalist John Doerr. An ex-bureaucrat may be clueless, but these Silicon Valley vets should know better. Owning this spectrum would be great for them and a Frontline I.P.O., but not for the economy.

And use by first responders? Easy. Engineer in an emergency switch, controlled by, heck, the same emergency broadcasting system screeching in our radios. During an actual emergency, it could throttle back data speeds for civilians. Downloads of "Fear Factor" can wait while the flood or fire rages.

Can this be true? An avowed free-market capitalist advocating a "let's all own it together" approach to communications? That's right. Despite their façade as public companies, telecom monopolists (that's you, AT&T) are government blessed anti-competitive entities whose idea of innovation is call waiting. We, the people, can do so much better. In fact, Wi-Fi has already begun to unleash the creative chaos of entrepreneurs. We shouldn't allow behemoths to bid on virtual shackles of our airwaves.

This is real.  The public airwaves are sitting there waiting to be reclaimed from the dropped call monopolists.  Even Tom Friedman gets it.

I've been thinking of running for high office on a one-issue platform: I promise, if elected, that within four years America will have cellphone service as good as Ghana's. If re-elected, I promise that in eight years America will have cellphone service as good as Japan's, provided Japan agrees not to forge ahead on wireless technology. My campaign bumper sticker: "Can You Hear Me Now?"

I began thinking about this after watching the Japanese use cellphones and laptops to get on the Internet from speeding bullet trains and subways deep underground. But the last straw was when I couldn't get cellphone service while visiting I.B.M.'s headquarters in Armonk, N.Y.



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Re: The Public Airwaves and Nationwide Wifi (none / 0)

Matt,

Is there a grassroots effort being organized yet to tackle this?


by Laurin from SC on Thu Apr 19, 2007 at 11:23:07 AM EST

Re: The Public Airwaves and Nationwide Wifi (none / 0)

"But 3G ain't free -- the winners, AT&T, Verizon, Orange in the U.K., and the like just passed along the costs as higher prices to customers. It was just a game of having the deepest pockets to outbid mere mortals. Customers would eventually pay. It was hidden tax on us peons"

Interesting post, I had never thought of it that way. The consumers also lose out even more since only one phone company can use this spectrum (ATT/Cingular). It seems this amounts to some kind of luxury tax, but only for those who are 'lucky' enough to be with that provider. I wonder exactly where the money raised in these auctions is sent.

We also get screwed in this country with broadband internet. We pay much more than users in Europe or Asia with even faster and better connections, despite the fact that we invented the technology.

If the Democrats can get anything accomplished now that they control congress I hope they put a lot of attention onto helping out American consumers, who are being screwed six ways from Sunday by these monopolistic capitalist pigs who seem to have more influence with OUR representatives than we do.


by wiretapp on Thu Apr 19, 2007 at 11:49:19 AM EST

Re: The Public Airwaves and Nationwide Wifi (none / 0)

Freebox in France costs about half of what the similar ATT U-verse or Road Runner deluxe "packages" cost in my service area (SATX), and is more extensive, more reliable, and treated like a real public utility in France.  


by dksbook on Thu Apr 19, 2007 at 01:24:51 PM EST

Exclusive licensing unconstitutional? (none / 0)

Glad to see another post on spectrum policy.  Though I don't want to sound like a broken record on this, I want to repeat my earlier comments noting that the FCC's pending "white space" proceeding (Docket 04-186) involves a lot more broadcast spectrum (150-200 MHz+) than the planned auction (a max of 60 MHz and probably 10-30 at best, practically speaking).  The "white space" (a.k.a. "guard band" channels dating back to the 1930s) also has equally good or better propagation characteristics than the 700 MHz spectrum up for auction.  And freeing this spectrum up for "public access" may be easier to accomplish administratively than the spectrum to be auctioned (which is on a fast track and is viewed by Congress as a "money maker" to help pay for the feds' bloated and distorted spending priorities).

The point I wanted to add here is that a compelling argument can be (and has been) made that "exclusive spectrum licensing" is an unconstitutional infringement of the First Amendment rights of non-licensees when "spectrum sharing" is feasible.

According to this argument, the 1934 Comm Act (and all the FCC licensing policy that's followed it) was only constitutional in light of the technical constraints associated with the perception of "spectrum scarcity" at that time (i.e., technology hadn't evolved to a point where we could all share the same spectrum).  This argument was made back in 1998 by law professors Yochai Benkler and Larry Lessig in a New Republic article: (http://thadk.net/ideas/lessigcopyright.h tml).  Similar arguments were made in recent "white space" filings by a consortium led by New America Foundation and including a wide range of consumer and public-interest groups, and others interested in unlicensed "public" spectrum and muni-wireless efforts.

Here's a few excerpts from the 1998 Benkler/Lessig piece:

The First Amendment...is strongly opposed to a system of licensing or prior restraint...When the state creates a regime where all speech must be licensed; when it establishes monopolies over valuable speech resources; when it erects a framework that concentrates, rather than decentralizes, opportunities for speech, then the state needs a very strong justification.

Necessity would be such a justification. If the only architecture for broadcasting that could work were the architecture of allocated spectrum, then spectrum allocation would be justified. But, when technology advances such that this concentrated architecture is no longer required, then "necessity" disappears and...the reason for this state-sponsored monopoly--abridging the freedom to speak without a license from the state--vanishes.

In my view, this argument is pretty clear and compelling, though it hinges on a determination that spectrum sharing is feasible and reasonably efficient, which is something the FCC is starting to test for the white space, using prototype gear provided by Microsoft, on behalf of a "high-tech" consortium whose other members are Intel, Google, Dell, HP and Philips Electronics.  This coalition's positions on the white space issue are very much in line with those of the "end user" coalition led by NAF.

Though it could come down to somewhat technical debates, it would be nice if there were some ways the netroots could weigh in on this to help insure the FCC isn't bullied by by broadcasters and other incumbents, which are arguing that they'll be subject to harmful interference if the white space is opened for unlicensed use.

While the immediate benefit of unlicensed white space is a whole bunch of high-quality spectrum available for unlicensed operation and better quality muni-nets, this issue has broader implications, as the Benkler/Lessig quotes suggest.


by mitchipd on Thu Apr 19, 2007 at 04:32:01 PM EST

Re: The Public Airwaves and Nationwide Wifi (none / 0)

But 3G ain't free -- the winners, AT&T, Verizon, Orange in the U.K., and the like just passed along the costs as higher prices to customers.

AT&T, Verizon, Orange, etc would charge the same prices if the government had given them the spectrum for free.  The operators cost has zero impact on your willingness to pay for services.  Only unsophisticated business do cost plus pricing.

The driver of pricing power is the cellular market is limited competition.  The FCC licenses a maximum of 4 providers in any market.  4 is not enough to provide true competition.


by Monkey In Chief on Thu Apr 19, 2007 at 07:25:28 PM EST

Re: The Public Airwaves and Nationwide Wifi (none / 0)

The FCC originally authorized six or more cellular/PCS licenses but, over the years, the carriers have merged to where four companies dominate the market.  The cost structure of local telecom networks tends toward few players, and the history of the cellular industry shows that this'll happen unless regulators don't allow it.  

Short of such restrictions, the only real solution to promoting higher levels of competition in the high fixed cost telecom business is to have a structure that insures competition at the "service/application" layer.  That's the basic structure of the Internet.

So, you either have to regulate mergers more aggressively, mandate some form of net neutrality rules (for both wireline and wireless), promote neutral "public/muni" networks (wireless and/or fiber) and/or make spectrum available on an unlicensed basis that encourages market entry and the proliferation of distributed/mesh-type wireless Internet access networks (which is the typical architecture of today's muni-wireless nets).  

Otherwise you have what we have today and the likelihood of further mergers beyond that.


by mitchipd on Thu Apr 19, 2007 at 10:16:43 PM EST
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