Sorting out the Generic Congressional Polls

This is the sort of diary that I love. I think it does a very good job of explaining why there is a such a large gap between Likely Voter poll models right now. Outfits like Fox and Gallup are focusing on historic voting patterns of the people they survey, but outfits like Ipsos are focusing on intention. This makes Gallup's proclamation that their LV models give a ten-point boost to Republicans a self-fulfilling prophecy. It also means that we need to capitalize on the great enthusiasm currently measured among the Democratic base. Motivate and GOTV. It really is all about what turnout model ends up being accurate--Chris

Conventional wisdom is that Bush's fear-mongering has tilted the scales in the battle for the House.  Dems had a slight advantage in August, but now the Repugs have a slight edge.  This view seems to be bolstered by generic congressional polling (GCP) data such as Gallup's recent 48-48 among likely voters.  Zogby and Fox have also shown a very tight race among likely voters.  Mystery Pollster has some very good analysis here on these polls.  He notes some conflicting data and points out the difficulties in constructing likely voter models. In this post, I want to expand on Mystery Pollster's analysis by looking more comprehensively at all the September GCP data to see if there is a clear trend.

I think there is and it is fairly encouraging.  But, it also tells us that it is absolutely critical to fire up the base. There have been eight GCPs (Generic Congressional Polls) of registered voters in September.  The average result is +11.3.  This is remarkably consistent with GCPs dating back to at least February.  On a rolling average basis, the GCP has fluctuated between 10 and 12 for the last seven months.  Remarkably, Rove/Bush/Cheney have not moved the needle a whit among registered voters.  Even, if we look at the last four RV/GCPs, two of which include data from 9/11 itself, the average is +10.8.

Turning now to likely voter GCPs.  There have been seven such polls in September.  (Note:  there is some overlap with the RV/GCPs as some polls report both RV and LV numbers.)  Here the average is +7.4.  But, things get a lot more interesting if we dig a little deeper.  The seven polls include four polls that range from +10 to +14, and three polls that range from 0 to +3.  The average of the two clusters is +11.5 and +2.0 respectively.

It seems pretty clear that there are two types of likely voter models in use.  One model puts the priority on voters' stated intentions.  The other model puts the priority on recent voting history.  If you focus on intentions, the Dems are up 11.  If you focus on recent voting history, which reflects the vaunted GOP GOTV machine, then Dems are up 2.  I suspect that the truth lies somewhere in between.  The opponents' GOTV machine is alive and well.  Will it work as well as it did in '02 and '04?  Probably not.  But, it will work well enough that likely voter models based primarily on intentions overstate the Dems advantage.  On the other hand, some Ds -disgusted and angered by Iraq, Katrina, etc.-- will vote in spite of sitting out recent midterms.  And, some Rs -dispirited by exploding debt and other grievances - will sit out in spite of voting in '98 and '02.  So, I feel pretty certain that models that rely heavily on voting history understate the Dems advantage.  All in all, I think +7 is a pretty good guess as to the state of play.

How predictive is this number?  I think its pretty good.  I don't have links at my disposal, but I've seen evidence that LV/GCP polls close to the election are generally very good at forecasting the actual result.  How would +7 translate?  My guess is that it would translate into a pick up of about 20 seats.  See this post http://www.mydd.com/story/2006/1/11/1644 32/998 for some supporting analysis.  (The bottom line from the analysis is that because of gerrymandering we need to win the aggregate Congressional vote by around 5% to take the House.)

So, I think we're in a pretty decent position.  But, and this is a HUGE but, it all depends on turnout.  The divergence between the +11 cluster of LV/GCPs and the +2 cluster is so large, that it is clearly showing us that IT'S ALL ABOUT TURNOUT.  And more than that, I think its all about the Dems firing up their base and executing on GOTV.  The GOP will do a good job of firing up their base.  They will do a good job on GOTV.  It won't be as intense as '02 and '04, but it'll happen.  So, its really in our hands.

The message is pretty clear:  All Iraq, all the time.  If we do that, we will absolutely take the House.



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Re: Sorting out the Generic Congressional Polls (3.00 / 1)

Bush has never really run as a "war President."  It has been about the crisis, "terrorism", rather than about the costs moral, physical, and financial of Iraq.  Going back through the Mexican American War, every war President has lost more than 20 seats in the House following entry into a war with a low of 21 seats (Korea, 1950) and a high of 48 (Vietnam, 1966).  Even FDR lost seats following Pearl Harbor (-42, 1942).

The average loss is 34 seats.


by David Kowalski on Sat Sep 23, 2006 at 02:57:34 PM EST

The thing I love about the GOP... (none / 0)

...is the fact - well, only my impression! - that they treat every election as if it's going to be their last.

The mindset they have of needing defense in depth, structures down to precinct level, because - essentially - they have an electoral inferiority complex. (Remember, between 1928 and 1996, they never won control of both houses in consecutive elections!)

Whereas lefties paint them as all about the astroturf, their grassroots organization (again, my impression) is streets ahead of the Dems' (Dean is working hard on this, of course) - and that after decades where the boot was very much on the other foot.

It's a classic American story - types like Carnegie and Vanderbilt who remember poverty in their youth fight so much harder than those who've had it pretty good till recently.

People said Chafee was a one-off - zillions of GOP shipped into RI from all over the country. I wouldn't believe it. I think being the underdog, being the Comeback Kids (oh, the irony!), is exactly where the GOP want to be right now.

In fact, if they were ahead in the polls, then they'd be really worried!

The schema of the underdog - how many Hollywood movies of the golden age used the trope? - is great for fostering morale and fighting spirit. (Providing you win most times, of course. It's no good if you don't win!)

I don't think the Dems have ever had it. Not since the days of Bryan, perhaps (slightly before my time!) - FDR won at a canter, annihilated the old GOP, and, ever since, the Dems have thought that being in charge of the Federal government (at least, the legislative branch) was their birthright.

I think a lot of them still do. Suckers...


by skeptic06 on Sat Sep 23, 2006 at 03:15:30 PM EST

Re: Sorting out the Generic Congressional Polls (none / 0)

If the dems win generically by 7% they are going to win a lot more than 20 house seats! That's completely disproportionate to what party's win per percentage point in the margin. I know how extensively the repubs have redistricted but still, if they win by 7 points nationally, it will be a tidal wave--good for about 40 seats or so.

Do you know that the repubs only won the generic congressional vote in 94 by 4%. That amounted to a 54 seat gain. Even with gerrmandering, a win of that margin for the dems, much more realistic than the 7% you discuss, would amount to about half that many seats in a gain. With a 4 point margin we could gain as many 30, more likely 25-27.

I think that is about the gain we'll get, but even if the generic margin is only 3-4 points, it would be good enough for 20 seats at least.


by Davidsfr on Sat Sep 23, 2006 at 03:49:16 PM EST

Re: Sorting out the Generic Congressional Polls (none / 0)

I'd love to believe it, and I'm well familiar with the general pattern of plurality in seats in relation to the spread in the aggregate vote.  

But, through gerrymandering and the natural outcome of urban districts that are way more Democratic than the most right-leaning districts are Republican, a 50-50 split in the aggregate vote heavily favors the Rs.  For example, although the Rs only won the aggregate vote in 2004 by 2.6%, the median margin was 10.5%.


by jay l on Sat Sep 23, 2006 at 08:16:59 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Any Local Polling (none / 0)

on local issues available?  By that I mean city-county-state initiatives and referenda.  Seems to me the carry-over from the issues, which tend to stem from a basis of contesting values, should be a fairly good indicator of how that voter will tend or even translate in a state-wide or national election.


by Limelite on Sat Sep 23, 2006 at 03:50:09 PM EST

Re: Any Local Polling (none / 0)

Stem cell initiative in Missouri is 2-1 in favor of the research, which should help Dems, particularly McCaskill.  In Arizona, there's strong anti-immigrant sentiment including making English the official state language (huh? is that even possible?), but not so much support for the marraige proposal.  In California, Prop 86's big tax hike on Cigarettes seems to be a mover for Dems, but with Dems willing to defect to Arnold, I'm not sure how that plays out at the congressional level.


by Lucas O'Connor on Sat Sep 23, 2006 at 04:01:05 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Sorting out the Generic Congressional Polls (none / 0)

IF anything kills the Democratic candidates this year it will be that the party still hasn't learned that you simply don't just have to get city voters to the polls you also have to get the suburban and rural voters to the polls too. The party is starting to reach the point of deminishing returns with city turnouts, while losing whatever gains they had in the cities outside of the city, because simply a growing number of the voters that you had to get out in the cities moved out into the suburbia and there are now older suburbian and rural voters.


by orin76 on Sat Sep 23, 2006 at 04:12:23 PM EST

Turnout not the only issue (none / 0)

To a large extent, the election will be fought out among habitual voters, mostly identifiable as people who have lived at the same address for many years. Nobody's GOTV machine has much effect on them because they vote no matter what's on the ballot, just as they pay their taxes and show up for jury duty. These are not likely voters but damn near certain voters.

Unfortunately, they trend Republican, but every vote from this group is like a Treasury Bill. There are independents in this groups and flaky (i.e. persuadable) members of both parties.

"Firing up the base" can offend these voters, which is why the GOP is very circumspect about visibly turning out its gun nuts and religiously insane supporters--that's what microtargeting is all about.

As conservative as these habitual voters often are, they nevertheless have no desire to see crosses burning on their well-kept lawns.

While it is an article of faith on this and other related web sites that we should not appeal to the middle, it is an insult to common sense to imagine that we can win support of voters who are themselves in the middle without appealing to them.

Bearing in mind that these voters are certain to vote, that each one of their votes is worth about 2.5 of any others, and that none of us wishes to suffer another teeth-gnashing loss, may I offer the following consideration:

If we win among habitual voters, we win. GOTV is the creme brule.


by stevehigh on Sat Sep 23, 2006 at 04:37:52 PM EST

Re: Turnout not the only issue (none / 0)

But how many habitual voters are really up for grabs?


by jay l on Sat Sep 23, 2006 at 08:18:53 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Nobody really knows but... (none / 0)

...my personal guess is that it's a slightly larger number than can be swung by GOTV--in both cases rarely larger than 5%, usually less.

And of course it's not an either or choice. First the early persuadables, then the late deciders who decide (late) whether to vote or not.

My point is that there are persuadable habitual voters. To ignore them is as much an act of folly as to fail to get loyal Democrats registered and to the polls.

There is no single "trick" to winning elections. Not   "energizing the base," not "moving to the center" not anything except the fundamental rules of any contact sport:

If you call two plays at once, it's probably because you have two head coaches.

If you put the ball in the air, only three things can happen and two of them are bad.

If you train 16  hours a day and you run into an opponent who trains for 17, you will surely lose.


by stevehigh on Sat Sep 23, 2006 at 09:19:58 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Nobody really knows but... (none / 0)

Hmmm ... My instinct is that the amount available through GOTV is more than the amount of available persuadable habituals.  5% sounds about right for the latter, but I would have thought a good GOTV/energize your base campaign could capture more than that in a midterm election.  And, to some extent that is borne out by the discrepancy (nine points) in the two clusters of LV/GCPs.  But, I don't have any hard data to back up my instinct.


by jay l on Sat Sep 23, 2006 at 10:14:19 PM EST
[ Parent ]

So it all comes down to... (none / 0)

Voter turnout.

In NY-19 John Hall won overwhelmingly with 50% of the vote.

But the most important fact is that this district increased its voter turnout from 9,000 to 20,000+


by Lizzy on Sat Sep 23, 2006 at 05:52:02 PM EST

Re: Sorting out the Generic Congressional Polls (none / 0)

There has been a slow steady move toward the GOP retaining House control on Tradesports. It was 45% several weeks ago, now up to 58%. Simply a FWIW.

I'm hoping for a 4% edge in the two-party congressional vote and I continue to believe anything beyond that is unrealistic.


by jagakid on Sun Sep 24, 2006 at 05:34:19 AM EST


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