Atrios highlights an important article in the Washington Post today. Ostensibly, the article is about the Republicans in 1994, but it touches on some very key themes, such as how leadership is promoted within the two parties. The article discusses the 'Gang of 7' backbenchers on the GOP and asks the very good question of why there is no gang for the Democrats.
In Congress, reform often comes from the back bench. Junior members have the least to lose and the shortest -- and thus usually the cleanest -- records. These unlikely agents of change are often change's biggest beneficiaries. Five of the members of the Gang of Seven still serve in Congress. One, John Boehner (Ohio), just became the House majority leader; one, Sen. Rick Santorum (Pa.), could conceivably become the Senate majority leader (provided he gets reelected); and one, Rep. Jim Nussle, may win election as governor of the swing state of Iowa.And yet, after languishing in the minority for more than a decade, the Democrats' back bench has yet to produce a Gang of Seven or an insurgent leader such as Gingrich, who inspired dozens of GOP House candidates in 1994. Most of the Democrats elected since the Republicans took over in 1994 simply replaced other Democrats. Moreover, none was really elected on a message of bringing "change" to Congress.
The absence of a Democratic Gang of Seven is even more glaring given that there hasn't been much new blood flowing into the House leadership. Not a single ranking member (i.e., the top member of the minority party) on 21 House committees came to office after the Republicans took control. And in only five instances has a GOP committee chair been in Congress longer than his Democratic ranking-member counterpart.
Even in the majority, Republicans are better about promoting new members. Although Gingrich is gone, one part of his legacy remains: six-year term limits on committee chairmanships. As a result, Republican members, including reformers, climb higher, faster. But Democrats continue to take a top-down approach to ordering their ranks in Congress. Old-timers -- and in many cases, old-time liberals -- still lead the party's charge in many fights. Look at the roster of Democratic ranking members; the only relatively recent arrival (1994) is Bennie Thompson of Mississippi on the Homeland Security Committee, which is a new panel.
If Democrats were to gain control of Congress this November and made no changes to their current lineup, nine of their new committee chairs would be members who won their first elections before 1980: David Obey (1969), Ike Skelton (1976), George Miller (1974), John Dingell (1955), Henry Waxman (1974), John Conyers (1964), Nick Rahall (1976), James Oberstar (1974) and Charlie Rangel (1970). These folks would oversee major committees. Faces of change they are not.
House Democrats have been slow to promote younger members of their ranks in part because of the lessons that current Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (Calif.) learned at the knees of skilled machine politicians, including California's Phil Burton and her father, Thomas D'Alesandro Jr., who rose through the Democratic ranks in Baltimore. Machine politicians are reared on a seniority-based, pay-your-dues regimen.
I liked Tom Daschle, but he was a bad Senate Majority/Minority Leader because he had to moderate his votes and rhetoric on key issues while trying to keep a more liberal caucus together. When Bush demanded a $1.6 trillion tax cut in 2001 (prior to 9/11), Daschle said hell no, it can't go any higher than $1.3 trillion.
The same is true about Nancy Pelosi, because her first priority is to keep consensus in the caucus rather than create a vector for the party. I've focused on the lack of action on ethics, because I find it quite telling. Pelosi, for instance, denies that there has been an ethics truce in the House for seven years. Ari Berman of The Nation has several Congressman on the record as suggesting that Pelosi is actually enforcing the ethics truce. So Pelosi is openly misleading reporters. I asked her staffers, and they told me repeatedly that Pelosi has never asked or encouraged any member to not file complaints. So according to Pelosi, the 200+ members of the Democratic Party have all just decided not to use the ethics process because the House has done a great job of policing itself? Come on.
So what's really going on? Well, there's this.
The Federal Election Commission fined Pelosi's political operation $21,000 last year for collecting and distributing funds in excess of campaign-finance limits through two leadership political action committees: PAC to the Future and Team Majority....
"To the extent that she's violated federal law, she's brought into question the integrity of the House," Feeney said. "We have members who would love to see us retaliate by going after Nancy Pelosi." Feeney declined to name members who want to target Pelosi.
So some junior staffer screwed up in her campaign, and she had to pay an FEC fine. Whatever, that's a mistake not a Chinese menu for bribery. But she thinks that having this come out means that it will be harder for her to maintain peace and consensus within the caucus because it will undercut her authority. Of course, if she upfront admitted it now in her attack and said 'I'm filing seven ethics complaints, including one against a member of my own party. Now the Republicans are going to come back at me with a clerical error my staff made from which no one profited. Keep in mind the difference between making a clerical error that no one profits from, versus selling billion dollar contracts to campaign contributors', it wouldn't be a problem, but that's not how DC insiders think. They aren't proactive. That's why backbenchers are important.
Still, I don't know. I'm sympathetic to Pelosi, because her politics sort of make sense to me. And the alternatives, Steny Hoyer and Rahm Emanuel, are both shrewd and vicious tactical fighters who would make good leaders if they didn't consistently undercut the Democrats on the war and if Hoyer didn't brag about starting a Democratic K Street Project.
Notably absent from the Democrats much heralded unveiling of their new ethics and lobbying reform plan this week was Steny Hoyer, the number two House Democrat. Maybe that's because Hoyer's launched his own version of the Republican "K Street Project" so rightfully derided by many Democrats and good government-types. Back in May 2003, Roll Call reported that Hoyer "invited scores of business lobbyists to sit down with him in his Capitol Hill digs to discuss legislation, share information and just get to know him." The second phase of the outreach commenced this winter, when Hoyer and DCCC Chair Rahm Emanuel hit up lobbyists for '06 campaign contributions.When he's not cozying up to K Street, the House Minority Whip's busy undermining Democratic calls for a speedy withdrawal from Iraq. After Jack Murtha dramatically broke with President Bush's Iraq policy in November, Hoyer issued a press release stating that a "precipitous withdrawal" of troops "could lead to disaster." When Murtha later gave an impassioned speech before the House Democratic Caucus "he was looking right at Hoyer," one Congressional aide told The Hill. The pro-war, pro-lobbyist routine has earned Hoyer plaudits from the likes of conservative columnist Bob Novak. Imitation, after all, is the highest form of flattery.
I guess all of this is to say that the ossified career track ladder of the House is really destructive at this point. It promotes people who don't have a sense of the larger perspective, because they've been there for so long they can't see anything except the narrow world of politics. Or it promotes people who are really good at getting funds from corporate insiders by using anti-populist DC-based rhetoric that actively destroys the Democratic brand.
Either way, it's very clear that the top-down style of the House Republicans doesn't and won't work for House Democrats. The only legislatively effect path that I can imagine in 2006-2008 is a bipartisan alliance between a new crop of Democratic freshmen in 2006 who aren't willing to take orders from bad leadership and Republicans embolded to work against their leadership by the scandals and by Bush's lame-duck status.
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