The GOP, a Regional Party of the South?

This week The Economist's America columnist Lexington asks an interesting question about today's Republican Party: Is the GOP a "national party no more?"

The extent of the southernisation of the Republican Party is astonishing. The party was all but wiped out in its historic base, the north-east. There is now only one Republican in the 22-strong New England House delegation. New Hampshire kicked out its two Republican congressmen (and gave Democrats a majority in both state houses for the first time since 1874). Massachusetts ended 16 years of Republican occupation of the governor's mansion. Rhode Island decapitated Lincoln Chafee despite his moderate record. New York installed Democrats in every statewide office for the first time since 1938.

The Republicans also suffered big losses in a region that voted solidly for Bush in 2004--the Mountain West. Three Republicans lost house seats. Conrad Burns lost his Senate seat in Montana (59% for Bush in 2004). Democrats now control five of the eight governorships in the region, compared with none in 2000.

The only place where the national tide had little impact was in the South. The Democrats made a few inroads in the periphery--winning a Senate seat in Virginia and House seats in North Carolina, Florida and Texas. But deep southern states such as Georgia and Mississippi remained unchanged. Exit polls showed that only 36% of white voters in the South voted for Democratic House candidates; it was 58% in the north-east.

The problem for the Republicans is that a regional stronghold can become a prison. The South has one of the most distinctive cultures in the United States--far more jingoistic than the rest of the country and far more religious. Fifty-eight per cent of deep southerners identify themselves as either evangelical or born-again compared with a third of non-southerners (the figure in Mississippi is 73%). But for every non-southerner who waxes lyrical about southern charm there are many more who associate the South with racial bigotry and cultural backwardness. The 2006 election--which saw social conservatives such as Rick Santorum and Kenneth Blackwell go down to humiliating defeat--suggests that non-southerners have grown particularly impatient with the South's brand of in-your-face religiosity.

Lexington adds a few notes of caution to the piece, highlighting the fact that neither of the two supposed frontrunners for the 2008 Republican presidential nomination (John McCain and Rudy Giuliani) are from the South and that the results of one election cannot always be read to indicate a longer-lasting trend.

Nonetheless, Lexington makes an interesting point: At the same time as the Democrats are attempting to reinvigorate their party all across the country through the 50-state strategy, the Republicans are increasingly looking Southward to shore up support. For many Republicans, in fact, the lesson learned November 7 was not that American voters had rejected the extreme conservative agenda of the GOP but rather that the Republican Party was not conservative enough, bending on issues like spending and immigration.

Again, there is no assurance that the Democratic gains made on November 7 in places like the Mountain West will hold over the course of the next several elections -- or even just in 2008. But if history is any indicator, the fact that a number of these previously Republican-leaning states are not only electing Democrats to state-level offices (both for governorships and legislatures) but also sending Democrats to Washington (both Congressmen and Senators) augurs well for the Democratic Party as it attempts to extend the list of states in which it can compete in Presidential elections. And the more the Democrats put the GOP on the defensive in states like Colorado or Arkansas, both of which elected new Democratic governors by wide margins, the more the Republicans will be forced into challenging Democratic strongholds like Oregon or Michigan -- neither of which are particularly welcoming of candidates running on a hard-right platform.



Display:


Re: The GOP, a Regional Party of the South? (none / 0)

Much of Ohio is like a Southern state, politically speaking.  


Go back to Hussein Texas
by gobacktotexas on Fri Dec 01, 2006 at 12:19:12 PM EST

Re: The GOP, a Regional Party of the South? (none / 0)

The irony here is sweet. Zell Miller, a former Democratic Governor + a man who has stated in his will that he wishes simply to have his name, lifespan, and the word word "Democrat" inscribed on his tombstone , entitled his book "a national party no more" - putatively a book about the democratic party, and about winning elections.

The bottom line is this : anyone who is happy that an entire class and demographic of americans is being misled, might as well start cheering for another invasion somewhere


.. and when I win the lottery, gonna donate half my money to the city so they have to name a school or a park after me - camper van beethoven
by heyAnita on Fri Dec 01, 2006 at 01:12:32 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: The GOP, a Regional Party of the South? (3.00 / 1)

Most of the GOP's House seats and Senate seats come from outside the South.  Counting West Virginia and Kentucky account for 83 of 203 House seats and 19 of 49 Senate seats.  This may be a case, however, of southern control rather than a simple regional party.


by David Kowalski on Fri Dec 01, 2006 at 12:33:17 PM EST

Re: The GOP, a Regional Party of the South? (none / 0)

beat me to this point. it could be the beginning of regionalization, but it's hardly anything more than a first step.


by Lucas O'Connor on Fri Dec 01, 2006 at 01:51:24 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: The GOP, a Regional Party of the South? (none / 0)

The GOP is no more a regional party of the south than the Democrats are a regional party of the northeast. In both cases, both parties dominate a specific region- but the ever important midwest and southwest are still very purple indeed, and thats a whole lot of electoral votes (Ohio, Michigan, Iowa, Missouri, Minnesota, Nevada, Colorado, New Mexico...)


by AC4508 on Fri Dec 01, 2006 at 02:06:41 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: The GOP, a Regional Party of the South? (none / 0)

Correction: "... and much more faux religious".

I know. I live in the deep south. The religious right here nearly elected David Duke governor and to the US congress.

TBoy


by Tboy on Fri Dec 01, 2006 at 12:45:05 PM EST

Re: The GOP, a Regional Party of the South? (none / 0)

Ohio is where the NE, the Midwest & the South come together. Parts of Southern Ohio do elect Dems (like the new Governor, who was a Congressman from the Southern part). It's always been a swing state that has tilted more GOP than Dem.

Indiana is a much more Southern State than Ohio, yet moderates of both parties have done well state wide until recently.

All of the classic Midwestern swing states: Illinois, Michigan, & Ohio have southern populations (many Southern Whites moved North to wiork the auto plants), as well as classic old-line GOP types (farmers, small town businessmen). Pennsylvania is another swing state, with some similiarities to Ohio, IL, & MI.


by rich on Fri Dec 01, 2006 at 12:55:22 PM EST

The Lower North - Not GOP (none / 0)

The 2006 election gives the lie to the claim that Southernesque areas of the North stayed loyal to the GOP. Appalachian Ohio voted heavily Democratic, picking Zack Space over Joy Padgett, and Wilson in his race to succeed Strickland. Even in OH-02, the Ohio River counties toward Portsmouth supported Wulsin. It was the suburban Cincinnati counties that gave Schmidt her margin victory (many of them, like Schmidt, are German Americans who voted for the GOP in the 19th century too).

Then there's Indiana: Dems picked up three seats. Two of those seats are in Southern Indiana. There is no more Southernesque part of the North than Southern Indiana. Yet it is here that Brad Ellsworth destroyed John Hostetler. And Baron Hill reclaimed his seat in southeast Indiana.

As for Michigan (my home), the Southern-originated population is spread throughout the state, but the most Southern locale is Ypsilanti (commonly called Ypsitucky). It lies in the heart of John Dingell's very Democratic district. The most Republican parts of Michigan are the West Michigan Dutch sections and the outer-suburban Livingston and Lenawee County areas of Detroit. West Michigan is not even remotely "Southern." The only exception might be Hillsdale County, on the border with Indiana and Ohio. This neanderthalish county is driven more by the madrassah - Hillsdale College - and the generally rural and suspect "Irish Hills" area than it is by Southern migrants.


by elrod on Fri Dec 01, 2006 at 08:32:05 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: The GOP, a Regional Party of the South? (none / 0)

I hope they stick with the theory they are not conservative enough.

At the same time as the Democrats are attempting to reinvigorate their party all across the country through the 50-state strategy, the Republicans are increasingly looking Southward to shore up support. For many Republicans, in fact, the lesson learned November 7 was not that American voters had rejected the extreme conservative agenda of the GOP but rather that the Republican Party was not conservative enough, bending on issues like spending and immigration.


BlueSunbelt.Com Netroots for the Sunbelt states robwire.com My personal blog
by robliberal on Fri Dec 01, 2006 at 12:56:24 PM EST

Re: The GOP, a Regional Party of the South? (none / 0)

In "The Rightwing Group Slander Of Liberals Refuted--Part 3", (further elaborated in later posts in the series), I showed the sharp differences in party/ideological shifts in alignment in the White South vs. the rest of the country.  The big picture money charts on this point are as follows:

Just look at the next-to-last row in each chart.  Self-identified conservative Republicans actually peaked during the Reagan-Bush era outside the White South, while their growth actually accellerated oh-so-slightly inside the White South.

What we saw in the last election is perfectly consistent with what these charts reveal.  As for the inflexibility involved, my later posts in this series add the dimension of church attendance to the mix.  Once you've started mixing religion and politics, it's very hard to put that genie back in the bottle.

Here's one more chart that underscores what's going on inside the GOP.  Contrast it with all their incessant attempts to paint the Dems with a liberal "San Francisco Agenda":

My post also breaks this down into White South and the rest of the country.  The percentage of conservatives within the GOP is almost identical in both groups for the third time-frame.  This is why the GOP message resonates so much better in the South than it does elsewhere.  And that, in turn, explains the GOP's White Southern flavor.


by Paul Rosenberg on Fri Dec 01, 2006 at 01:03:39 PM EST

Re: The GOP, a Regional Party of the South? (none / 0)

The GOP hard base of 23.6% in the South is not too much to overcome in elections when you have good Democratic candidates.


BlueSunbelt.Com Netroots for the Sunbelt states robwire.com My personal blog
by robliberal on Fri Dec 01, 2006 at 01:08:35 PM EST

The South as burnt-over zone (3.00 / 2)

One thing that stands out about the South: voters there seem to have a low tolerance for mavericks, populists, and reformers.  This isn't necessarily a left vs right thing.  The South as a region has always given the lowest vote percentages in the nation to maverick candidates whether from the left, center, or right.  Ross Perot in 1992 and 96, John Anderson in 1980, Ralph Nader and Pat Buchanan in 2000, Buchanan in the 92 and 96 Republican primaries, Howard Dean in the 2004 primaries, Jerry Brown in the 1992 primaries, Eugene McCarthy in 1976.  The prevailing attitude in the South seems to be don't rock the boat.

The one exception of course were the pro-segregation "Dixiecrat" splinter campaigns of Thurmond, Byrd and Wallace.  But even this is the exception that proves the rule; these were perceived as the "don't rock the boat" candidates who wanted to keep things as they were.

Why is the South this way?  Possibly this: the South did at one time, namely in the 1860s, pay attention to people with grandiose ideas promising a glorious future if they would just embrace radical change, namely secession from the union.  It blew up directly in their faces.  The South has been a "burned over zone" ever since, wary of anyone with big ideas perceived as rocking the boat.  There have been localized exceptions: West Virginia embraced labor unions when the rest of the South shunned them; Louisiana sent Huey Long to the Senate.  But those two states are unique cases owing to Louisiana's lack of a common cultural heritage with the rest of the South, and West Virginia's status as a Rust Belt state and history vis-a-vis the Civil War.

Herein may lie the key to breaking the Republican logjam in the South.  But there are two different ways of looking at this.  One is to step back and give the Republicans just enough rope to hang themselves.  The Republicans are moving ever further rightward, already headed into radical-right territory that will no longer play in the South.  And as the Religious Right moves closer to embracing the theocracy of the Dominionist movement and the radical "contemporary" Christianity of corporate mega-churches, they will move beyond the pale of what even southern fundamentalists consider normative.  At the point that they move extreme right enough that they are perceived as radical right instead of conservative right, they lose the South.  The other way to look at this is maybe there's a need to break through the prevailing don't rock the boat attitudes in the South.  Ironically, by rocking the boat a little and being just enough of a maverick to show that it ain't so bad.  The South has to get over the Civil War sooner or later and realize that there's no reason to be afraid of positive change.  The Webb campaign has some lessons to pay attention to: running as a populist maverick who is nonetheless very much in touch with the cultural heritage of Virginia, while giving Allen just enough rope to hang himself.  It seems to have worked.  Can we pull off the same thing in Mississippi or South Carolina?  This may take some more work.  But it's possible.


by Old Yeller on Fri Dec 01, 2006 at 02:24:32 PM EST

The South as Aristocracy-Dominated Zone (none / 0)

The antebellum South, where big planters were a true landed gentry in all but title, was a region where aristocracy ruled.

After Reconstruction ended, that aristocracy reasserted itself.  Its dominance has faded in much of the South - though in rural and small-town areas, you'll still find places where a handful of local landowners pretty much run everything - but two centuries of the South's being a top-down, don't-question-authority region has left its mark.

Another aspect is this:

Joyce Appleby's Inheriting the Revolution, a book about America's development in the first generation of the 19th century, discusses how, as the early settlers moved west, they brought with them newspapers, colleges, and a host of small enterprises.  However, one region was the exception to this rule: the South.

The South frowned on newspapers (newspapers might publish articles questioning slavery), had far fewer colleges, and even the spirit of inventiveness amongst the common men was missing in the South.

This, too, is the stuff of a world where people don't question, don't take the initiative without waiting for someone higher up to say it's alright, and so forth.

It wasn't the Civil War that caused the South to be like it is; it was that way all along.


by RT on Fri Dec 01, 2006 at 06:54:28 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: The South as Aristocracy-Dominated Zone (3.00 / 1)

I have not read her book but that sounds quite off base. During that era the South was practicaly overrun with newspapers and colleges so I have no idea what she based her theory on.

Joyce Appleby's Inheriting the Revolution, a book about America's development in the first generation of the 19th century, discusses how, as the early settlers moved west, they brought with them newspapers, colleges, and a host of small enterprises.  However, one region was the exception to this rule: the South.

I looked up some reviews on that book and at least some historians have pointed out that she is wrong in her conclusions.

Appleby follows an evocative literature on Southern difference, but her account ignores the equally impressive evidence that Southerners, elite and plebeian, not only defined themselves as quintesentially American but also embraced the market as willingly as anyone. The abolition of slavery in the North did create real differences, as did the mounting attack on slavery launched by abolitionists; but Appleby's neglect of actual political struggles leads her to overestimate Nothern antislavery sentiment as a property of liberal capitalist culture, and to underestimate the rise of racism as an outgrowth of those same developments (not to mention of political union with slaveholders). This might seem like a side issue, but Appleby chooses, in the book's final chapter, to hang her interpretation of "a new national identity" on the public triumph of a Northern belief in progress, and the cultural exile of nostalgic Southern planters and their yeoman allies from this heady mix of entrepreneurialism, evangelicalism, individualism, and materialism. While such an interpretation may help explain the coming of the Civil War, it reduces culture to political economy plus myth. It fails to get at the texture of the nationalism that did emerge after the Revolution, much less at how actual battles over the meaning of the Revolution, and not merely a consensus about that meaning, shaped public life before the Civil War. Sadly, it also makes the era's voices of failure and disappointment, many of them recorded in other kinds of contemporary narratives, quite discordant--as they no doubt were to the successful autobiographers of antebellum America. Like the memoirs flooding our own literary marketplace, Inheriting the Revolution should be widely read, but with caution.

http://www.common-place.org/vol-01/no-01 /reviews/appleby.shtml


BlueSunbelt.Com Netroots for the Sunbelt states robwire.com My personal blog
by robliberal on Sat Dec 02, 2006 at 01:40:41 AM EST
[ Parent ]

African Americans too (3.00 / 1)

Your comments are not entirely true historically. The Populist movement was very strong in the South in the 1890s, for example. But since that time, only the Dixiecrats proved to be a viable third party, and they were mostly a waystation between the Dems and Republicans.

But one reason the South resists third party movements is the prevalence of African Americans. While white liberals and moderates occasionally flirt with Perotistas or the Green Party, African Americans almost never abandon the modern Democratic Party. Same goes for Latinos. Just look at Illinois this year. White liberals in Illinois abandoned Blagojevich and gave the Green Party candidate 10% of the vote. But blacks and Latinos stayed entirely within the Democratic fold. My guess is that that's true for blacks in the South as well, and contributes to the stability of the two-party system.


by elrod on Fri Dec 01, 2006 at 08:18:15 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: The GOP, a Regional Party of the South? (3.00 / 1)

I've thought for awhile that this suggests and obvious strategy. Drive the Republicans to being ever-more literally the regional party of the South.

That's not to say don't contest the South. Contest it! But focus primarily on non-Southern states. This has a two-fold effect: we get better Democrats from non-Southern areas more easily, for one. No Landrieus or Millers. It takes a great deal of resources and excellent campaigning for a Democrat to win in the South, and in exchange we get mediocrity. Still compete there, but focus mostly on their local and statewide races to build up a bench.

At the same time, we run a scorched-Earth campaign against Republicans in moderate and liberal areas. This depletes their national bench. All of the Republicans' weakest candidates this cycle are from the South (with the possible exception of Huckabee, and I think he might be overhyped), while all the strongest are from blue areas (New York) and trending blue areas (Arizona). If we eliminate them before they get national prominence, we never have to deal with them, and the Republican Party gets a regional mouthbreather for a Presidential candidate.

Key targets should be state legislatures and statewide offices while making sure to compete in every local election. They're the sprout whence governorships and senatorships grow. There's no good reason that the New York Senate or the California governor should be Republican.


by Zephyrus on Fri Dec 01, 2006 at 02:45:52 PM EST

Re: The GOP, a Regional Party of the South? (3.00 / 1)

I can't speak for the whole South, but as for South Carolina, having an (R) beside one's name is obviously a huge advantage, but it's certainly not insurmountable.  Any Democrat running statewide can bank on picking up about 40% of the vote outright, as was the case with every single one of the 8 constitutional offices that were contested in November.  That included an African-American female candidate for Secretary of State who raised only $50 outside of the money given to her by the state party.

Sure, Republicans have the advantage of being the majority party, but they also tend to run much smarter campaigns and kick Democrats all over the schoolyard in GOTV and base-mobilizing.  Democratic GOTV here is nonexistent.


by Laurin from SC on Fri Dec 01, 2006 at 04:28:06 PM EST

Re: The GOP, a Regional Party of the South? (3.00 / 1)

as well as in Central pennsylvania


by orin76 on Fri Dec 01, 2006 at 06:57:05 PM EST

Re: The GOP, a Regional Party of the South? (none / 0)

I have been visiting South Carolina since 1974, from Southern Ohio. My parents retired there. They are republicans and fit right in. I, on the other hand, have never liked the South. I think that after the civil war the South was not sorted out but, rather, appeased. I say let the republicans have it; it is flat, hot, buggy, and the beaches are falling into the ocean.
Someone should make public the great BRAIN DRAIN that the South, like Turkey and other "developing" countries, is suffering. They have really screwed themselves with their haughty isolationism, with regard to good colleges, giving the blacks a helping hand up and etc. Sorry to be so rude in my first post on this site but i have to say, fuck the South. If the republicans think they can have their little medieval world there, then let them try... They will come crying to the North when the shit hits the fan.
Arrgh, where is General Sherman when we need him, eh?
by mwenmenm on Sat Dec 02, 2006 at 03:39:54 AM EST

Re: The GOP, a Regional Party of the South? (none / 0)

GOTV is non-existent in the South for good reason. Have you ever gone down those back roads my friend? Knock on those doors and get a shotgun in your face!


by mwenmenm on Sat Dec 02, 2006 at 03:43:31 AM EST

GOTV Exists. (3.00 / 1)

As an Eagle Scout and Campaign volunteer I must have knocked on tens of thousands of doors never to be met with a threat.

The reason GOTV is limited in the South is that until a couple of decades ago there weren't really any competitive seats.  They were either majority black and Republican or majority white and Democratic.  Then the Civil Rights movement sent all the state parties through the wash and only today do we find ourselves with 2 viable parties.

We had a one party system and we are only beginning to wake up to the fact that we have to compete.

Don't make broad statements without facts to back them up.


by deepsouthdem on Sat Dec 02, 2006 at 08:31:35 AM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: GOTV Exists. (none / 0)

Of course you are right. I was being really flip and should have restrained myself. I don't care much for that part of the country but I know there are many good people of the South. I hope my hyperbole was not taken too seriously... as it was not meant so. My bad. Sometimes I can't help myself:) I live in NYC and could say much worse things about this place I suppose.


by mwenmenm on Sun Dec 03, 2006 at 02:14:32 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: The GOP, a Regional Party of the South? (none / 0)

wimp wear a bullet proof vest and carry a tazer


by orin76 on Sat Dec 02, 2006 at 06:16:50 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Mississippi. (none / 0)

The reason no seats switched in Mississippi is that in the midterm years our only state and local elections are for judges.

I believe there were 3 special elections all retained by a candidate from the original party.

Next year we will see if we have success or if we lose seats.


by deepsouthdem on Sat Dec 02, 2006 at 08:33:48 AM EST


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