Working With Electability

In December of 2003, a Pew survey of Democratic primary voters asked the following question:
If you had to choose, which would be more important to you in deciding who to support in the (January/February) (primary/caucuses)? Picking a candidate who comes closest to your positions on the issues or Picking a candidate who has the best chance of defeating George W. Bush in November?
	     NTL   IA	 NH   SC
Issues	      49    53	 62   65
Electability  44    40	 32   25
During the actual primaries, exit polls similarly found that while most voters claimed to choose a candidate based on his position on the issues, a large minority of Democratic primary voters were most concerned with electability.
New Hampshire through Wisconsin 
	   NH	AZ   DE   MO   OK   SC	 TN   VA   WI
Issues	   57	58   54   52   62   59	 55   55   60
Electable  33	34   41   37   27   32	 37   36   33

Super Tuesday
	   CA	CT   GA   MD   MA   NY	 OH   RI   VT  
Issues	   50	45   53   46   50   47	 35   44   59 
Electable  43	44   35   44   40   44	 56   44   31
Even though "issues" never fell behind "electable" as the main reason for candidate selection in any single state during the primaries, "electable" never fell below 30% save once, and was always the main reason for selecting a candidate over any single "issue." Beyond Iraq, beyond health care, beyond the economy and beyond anything else, the perceived "electability" of a candidate was always the single most important issue driving the Democratic primaries in 2004, as it was the top concern of around 35-40% of the Democratic electorate.

Personally, I do not think there is anything wrong with this. Even though it is probably not my top concern, selecting a candidate in the primary who seemingly has "the best chance" to win the general election is certainly a very high priority for me. As Jerome once noted, rather than anything ideological, the primary issue for a reform Democrat is defeating Republicans, and above all else that is what I want. However, while I think it is important and good that so many Democrats take defeating Republicans as their number one priority, I also worry that the current image of what makes a Democratic candidate more "electable" than another has become destructive to the Democratic Party, because it is basically bad advice fed tot eh populace by the Republican Noise Machine.

For example, during the 2004 primary season, Democrats were repeatedly told that thy needed to select a candidate who was strong on national security issues, as though plugging a single hole in the dam would make even slightest bit of difference (read Armando's rebuttal here). We have repeatedly been told after the election that we need to select a candidate who can connect with values voters, as though somehow Democrats have no values, and 85% of Democratic voters aren't already religious. For a long time now we have been told that the South will be swung by selecting a southerner, as though the south does not vote based upon ideology like the rest of the nation. Now, as a group, we have become convinced that Senators do not win, as though someone's title, rather than their ability to articulate their agenda and run a good campaign were the determining factors in a Presidential election. And, of course, there is always the "move to the center" philosophy, that really does little except tell the nation that you think you are wrong about the issues and the other side is right.

In short, it has been nothing but bad advice that, at best, does not work, or, more often than not, actually helps Republicans win and make the country more conservative. This has to end. Long before the field becomes clear, as a party we need to do a lot of work to dispel exiting concepts of electability and replace them with better ones. Even apart from the bad advice, I'm not sure if I can stand blogging through another primary season when so many people are regularly offering up such crude, evidence-free definitions of electability.

I'd like to hear your ideas on what makes a candidate electable. From a short term, single campaign perspective, mine focus on reformer appeal and good framing. From a long-term perspective, it has nothing to do with the candidate and is all about structurally altering the electorate. Let's have a frank discussion about this stuff.


Poll
Which attribute is the LEAST important in making a Democratic Presidential candidate "electable" in a general election?
Electoral math, such as being a Southerner and / or from a red state
Executive experience, such as being a Governor rather than a Senator
Framing: ability to articulate the progressive worldview and feel the pain
Grassroots: connecting with small donors, exciting activists
Military credibility, strong on national security
Moderation: not coming off as too liberal
Outsider: having insurgent, reformer, "fresh voice / face" appeal
Values: Can comfortably talk about morals and religion, not coming off as an "elite"

Votes: 48
Results : Vote Link : Polls

Display:


Whatever. (none / 0)

Just so long as electability doesn't surpass issues in importance. When that happens, the door is open for guys like Bayh and Bredesen. And then I'm out of this party, at least temporarily.
by craverguy on Sun Feb 20, 2005 at 04:41:33 PM EST

the winners (none / 0)

can explain their positions in common sense language without talking down to America.  they do not come off as hedgers or bullshitters.  that is what bush, clinton, and reagan all have in common.
by snaktime on Sun Feb 20, 2005 at 04:56:16 PM EST

It is economic issues! (none / 0)

There can be issues of war and peace as well, but even they are economic based eventually!  The candidate that most often triumphs is the one that can "hit a nerve" on economic issues or who has a track record of delivering on economic issues.  This even applies to the Bush victory in a kind of distorted manner with future economic trust being the eventual basis of his following.  Without 9/11, however, Bush would have met his father's fate because of the real economics of the day without any excuses.
by NG on Sun Feb 20, 2005 at 05:01:08 PM EST

What, did South Carolina secede? (none / 0)

"Even though 'issues' never fell behind 'electable' as the main reason for candidate selection in any single state..."

What about these guys?

       OK   SC
Issues       27   32
Electable  63   59

by punishinglemur on Sun Feb 20, 2005 at 05:14:56 PM EST

Re: What, did South Carolina secede? (none / 0)

Those are typos that I should fix
by Chris Bowers on Sun Feb 20, 2005 at 05:27:10 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: What, did South Carolina secede? (none / 0)

What about RI?
by smintheus on Sun Feb 20, 2005 at 09:41:15 PM EST
[ Parent ]

It Begins and End with the Candidate (none / 0)

What I mean by that is that in the final analysis the voters have to be comfortable with their choice or else they will vote for the opponent. I believe that issues are important but equally important is the personality of the candidate and his/her ability to articulate what he/she will do with the office.

In looking for a candidate to support, look for people who can express their views in about 12 seconds. Reagan could do it as in this formulation: Government is too big, make it smaller, defense is too weak, make it stronger, and taxes take too much money, make them less.

Clinton could do it as in It's the economy, stupid, change vs more of the same, and don't forget healthcare.

Bush could do it as in I will make you safer.

What was Kerry's 12 second pitch or that matter, Gore's? When talking with your friends, neighbors, etc., what sentence could you use that summed up why they should vote for them other than "they are not Bush"?

Part of the problem is that Democratic candidates tend to be people who are into policy and they often speak in terms of programs and not philosophies or overriding policies.

Of course most of us don't think in terms of 12 second pitches when we think about our politics. We think much more in terms of programs or issues. But then most of us are not running for president so our inability to put our thoughts into one sentence doesn't matter.

Voters have a lot of stuff going on in their lives. They worry about their kids, jobs, spouses, friends, mortgage payments, homes, etc., politics ranks very low for most people. Their time is limited and they want a quick reason why they should support a candidate. We need to give them such a reason.

by mrgavel on Sun Feb 20, 2005 at 05:16:53 PM EST

Circular Argument (none / 0)

Electability is a dangerous myth. What makes a candidate electable is one who stands for what one believes whole heartedly. One's position on the issues does not increase one's electability, but one's stedfast belief in those issues does.

For an example of this we need look no further than Bush. He stood for something. I disagree with everything he stands for, but then again, I'm in the minority of informed voters. To the ill informed or under informed, or just plain ignorant, he stood up for his issues unabashedly. That meant to them he was a strong leader. This raised his electablilty.

Arguing electability vs. issues misses the bigger picture. A candidate who's issues are not fixed or easily identified and not backed unforgivingly is seen as weak and lacking leadership qualities. This was Kerry's problem in my opion. His positions, especially on the WoT, were only carfully crafted variations on Bush's positions. When faced with two similar positions, the position of strength is the original position - in this case Bush's.  Kerry's "more effective" war on terror only emphasized Bush was fighting and effective WoT. There was no strength in that position and hence Kerry's electability suffered.

A candidate who stands for something gains electibility though the very act of standing for it. Electability is a commodity that is gained and lost, not a quantitative value fixed upon one's positions. One's position on abortion, for example, does not earn a candidate 10 electability points. One's belief and consistency of supporting that position will earn a candidate electability points.

Credibility, not electability, is what is important. Issues only make up part of credibility, which like electability, is not fixed.  A strong candidate has the credibility of character that people respond to, regardless of the correctness of one's issues. Electability is a myth, as Bush has proven for us quite graphically.

Witty comment goes here...
by michael in chicago on Sun Feb 20, 2005 at 05:31:30 PM EST

Re: Circular Argument (none / 0)

Exactly right.  'Electability' has usually meant "Everybody else says he's most likely to win," and the stampede to Kerry was a typical result.  Totally half-assed way to select a candidate.

Instead, we should be looking for a candidate who has a deserved reputation for saying what he means.  Honesty and candor, backbone where principles are concerned, plus the willingness to say unwelcome truths.  If the candidate can fake that, then he/she has got it made.

Of course that also implies he/she has significant views on important issues, and can express them clearly and simply.

To my mind, that definition of electability excludes large number of hopefuls.  It favors Feingold, Durbin, Reid, and (recently, as well as many years ago) Boxer.  I don't know the governors well enough to comment, except Rendell, who has always seemed to me to resemble a carnival barker.  I hate his love affair with slot machines anyway, and he's no friend of labor.

by smintheus on Sun Feb 20, 2005 at 09:54:30 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Electability--Wrong Formulation (none / 0)

I think that "electability" is a misleading formulation. What we want is a strong campaigner. A candidate is electable if and only if they are a strong campaigner.  So I'm saying that the two formulations are actually equivilent. However, "electability" has a lot of connotations that lead people off into blind alleys.  

Perhaps the most important thing we can do between now and the primary season is drill this into people's heads, so that they make their decision based on who can run a strong enough campaign to win, rather than some more nebulous and misleading concerpt of "electability."

I can point to several significant examples of how "electability" is misleading in a way that "being a strong campaigner" is not:

(1) Moving to the center can at least plausibly be presented as making one more "electable." However, it is quite clear that passionate liberals like Howard Metzenbaum, Paul Wellstone and Dennis Kucinich (whose district used to be a toss-up) can be very strong campaigners.  I'm not saying that centrists--such as Bill Clinton--can't be strong campaigners, too. (Though Clinton did it, in part, by running well to the left of how he actually goverened.) I am saying that strength as a campaigner is an independent variable, not a function of where you fall on the political spectrum, except at far extremes where you would not get the nomination anyway. (Lyndon LaRouche, anyone?)

(2) Positions on national security can be highly constrained due to ungrounded assumptions about public opinion and "electability." Arguably, this was one of the factors that lead to selecting Kerry in the first place.  Yet, Kerry was not a particularly good campaigner on national security issues, or on a wide range of other issues, either. He had major strengths in his record which he could not and did not capitalize on, and minor weakness which were blown up into phony, but effective major weaknesses.  These were the signs of a weak campaigner.  

In contrast, I believe that candidates have considerable leeway on national defense provided that they project personal strength, self-confidence, honesty and groundedness as campaigners.  We have seen time and time again that people will vote for someone they disagree with if they feel confident in their leadership abilities.  This is demonstrated for people during the campaign by the quality of the person as a strong campaigner.

(3) Coming from the South clearly has nothing to do with whether one is a strong campaigner or not. But it can be misconstrued as making one more electable.  Being mesmerized by thinking a southern candidate is "more electable" may well blind us to the more important question--"how strong is he as a campaigner?"  A weak campaigner from the South will not pick up any Soutehrn votes. A strong campaigner from outsider the South could not only have a better chance in the South--particularly if our state parties there kick ass in the next 3 1/2 years--but a better chance elsewhere as well.

I could make this argument about virtually any "electability" issue. On values, what matters is not how many times you go to church, it's how well you connect with people's core values as a strong campaigner. And so on, and so on, and shoobie-doobie-doo.

by Paul Rosenberg on Sun Feb 20, 2005 at 05:37:12 PM EST

Re: Electability--Wrong Formulation (none / 0)

The one sense that electability jibes, is in the history of winning that a candidate brings to the table, but at the Presidential level, that's pretty much a wash among the legit ones seeking the nomination.
by Jerome Armstrong on Sun Feb 20, 2005 at 05:41:58 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Electability--Wrong Formulation (none / 0)

But what about Edwards, who was plain-spoken, yet didn't develop much of a following in the South?
by wilder on Sun Feb 20, 2005 at 09:31:51 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Electability (none / 0)

I was talking with someone about where this came about as a factor, the whole "electable" quality. Didn't it start with the whole meme that Dean was "unelectable", and then the discussion come to, well, if that was so, than who was electable?

Drum, who jumped on the "unelectable" bandwagon has a post, for review, and the link to Marshall putting up  a Judis email, whom iirc, was responsible for pushing out the "electable" factor as the issue of the nomination:

The trouble with Howard Dean

Though it was earlier too:
My big fat mea culpa, by Joan Walsh.

The Letters in response are good.

by Jerome Armstrong on Sun Feb 20, 2005 at 05:40:20 PM EST

electability = death of dem party (none / 0)

Quite frankly I thought we were past the whole electability debacle.  <sigh>

The fact is that neither Chris or Jerome or myself or anyone else on these blogs knows who will appeal to the electorate.  Reagan was not electable.  Clinton (aka Slick Willie in 92) was not electable.  George W. Bush was not electable.  If you thought like the vast majority of Americans do, you wouldn't be here on this blog.

We need to move beyond this electability paralysis and start voting for people who we think will be good Presidents, not the ones we think will be good candidates.

by hotshotxi on Sun Feb 20, 2005 at 05:47:10 PM EST

What's the vision? (none / 0)

The beauty of FDR's coalition was that it had a central pillar that was agreeable to all the various factions: the welfare state. But something terrible happened: the welfare state was so triumphant that even the republicans accept it as a practical reality. That is why the old coalition is dead. Catholics, for instance, don't have to choose between this world and the hereafter. With the republicans, they get both (apparently).

I agree wholeheartedly that we need to "grow liberalism" because you always need to put the cart before the horse. Yet what is liberalism and how will it be expressed in terms of government? Those aren't marketing questions, they are fundamental philisophical and existential questions.

But what is the vision? Can we reason from the conclusion and say "this is what we want the world to be in 20, 50, a hundred years from now" and put the policies in place that match the vision (at least on paper)?

by Paul Goodman on Sun Feb 20, 2005 at 06:27:32 PM EST

John Kerry (none / 0)

John Kerry was the best man for the job in 2004. He is the best the democrats have, and will have for the forseeable future.

As I have said, partisanship is a conservative frame, and that is why supporting the democrat just because he is a democrat is a losing cause. If you think winning is everything, you are more likely to stick with your team no matter what, you're republican.

The problems facing our country are not being adressed by either party right now, and that is why the democrats have so far squandered big oppurtunities to gain by supporting good policy in the areas of immigration, the defecit, outsourcing, and health care.

by Christopher Hitchens on Sun Feb 20, 2005 at 06:49:35 PM EST

Electoral Math and "electability" (none / 0)

I picked electoral math as the least important qualification, but I can see one possible exception: given our closely-divided electorate, a candidate from a large swing state could give us a significant advantage, assuming the candidate was reasonably appealing anyway (which lets out Graham and Kucinich from the last campaign, and probably Rendell from the next one).

But about "electability" in general: I want to beat Republicans as much as the next Democrat, but let's also keep in mind what we're fighting for: even if all the bad advice about "electability" (which nowadays always happens to favor the most conservative candidates) were true, I don't think we'd want a candidate like Lieberman or Bayh (sorry kydem), especially next time, when the GOP candidate probably won't be as truly awful as Bush. If Democrats could only win with someone who would pursue GOP policies anyway, what would be the point?

The GOP faced this dilemma themselves in 1980, when the conventional wisdom was that Reagan was the least "electable" candidate; they nominated him anyway.

Reagan won, thanks largely to the unfortunate timing of Eisenhower's Iran chickens coming home to roost during the Carter administration; in a less exceptional situation, he may well have come up short. But by taking a chance on Reagan and having a bit of good luck, they were finally in a position to fundamentally change the paradigm of American politics; if they had stuck with an "electable" candidate like Ford or (pre-Reagan Revolution) Bush I, they could have made their odds of winning a bit higher, but at the cost of drastically decreasing the impact of such a "win."

We need to do the same. We have no reason to be ashamed of our liberal views; with few exceptions, most of America is already on our side! Let's run candidates who are proud to claim the mantle of FDR and JFK; it could even be Gore or Kerry again, if they're more willing to stand up for Democratic values this time around (both have been much more outspoken since their respective losses, so I'm hopeful). Then when we win, we'll probably bring in a much more sensible Congress and can reasonably claim a "mandate" of our own.

If you're always playing the fear card, it's a pretty good sign you're not playing with a full deck!
by Mathwiz on Mon Feb 21, 2005 at 06:22:50 PM EST


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