Religion and the Bases

The always excellent National Annenberg Election Survey today released data detailing the percentage of white, born-again and evangelic Protestants in the forty largest states (PDF). This is a group of voters that Bush won in 2000 by 56 points, the second largest victory for either Bush or Gore among any major demographic group (Gore won African-Americans by 81). The data is quite revealing, and goes a long way toward explaining the current electoral structure of the entire country. Here are some select states from their survey
State	%     Partisan Index
TN     51		RNC +4.4
KY     50		RNC +15.6
AL     47		RNC +15.4
MS     46		RNC +17.4
OK     42		RNC +22.4
IN     38		RNC +16.2
MO     36		RNC +3.9
VA     31		RNC +8.5
IA     30		RNC +0.2
OH     27		RNC +4.0
WA     26		DNC +5.1
MN     25		DNC +1.9
CO     24		RNC +8.9
MI     24		DNC +4.6
FL     23		RNC +0.5
PA     22		DNC +3.6
AZ     21		RNC +6.8
CA     17		DNC +11.3
MD     13		DNC +15.9
NY	9	DNC +24.5
NJ	8	DNC +15.3
CT	7	DNC +17.0
MA	6	DNC +26.8
The correlation here could hardly be more obvious. Further, the bumps in the table are very much the result of a state having either a particularly high or low percentage of minorities. Overall, a state seems to be a swing when it is somewhere in the twenties. I do not think it will be long--in fact, it may have already happened--before Colorado and Arizona are the important swing states that Missouri and Tennessee once were. As Missouri and Tennessee start tuning into the 700 Club, they will start tuning out Democrats. By comparison, Colorado's numbers look like a swing state, as do Arizona's.

With Muslim voters now overwhelming opposing Bush (a sharp contrast from 2000), with "Secular Warriors" also swinging heavily against Bush, and with Jewish voters overwhelming opposed to Bush, two equally sized religious blocks have formed in this country. On the one hand, representing just under 20% of the voting public, are white, evangelical and born again Protestants that support Bush roughly three to one. On the other hand, there is a diverse group of the religious and the irreligious, connected only by the common thread that they do not consider themselves Christian. This group also makes up just under 20% of the voting population, but opposes Bush roughly three to one.

Considering this, the future electoral direction of the country will be based almost as much on the changing religious demographics of the nation as it will anything else. The Democratic base is overwhelmingly non-white and/or non-Christian. By contrast, The Republican base is overwhelmingly white and Protestant / Mormon. The difference between the two parties can be expressed as well using these religious and ethnic terms as it can by using any other metric.

I'm playing on dangerous ground here, so I'll just stop. Draw further conclusions on your own.



Display:


Re: Religion and the Bases (none / 0)

Very interesting. Beyond this election, several strategic questions follow from this. Here are a couple to kick things off;

1 - will the Republicans ever again be able to field a Presidential candidate whose core appeal isn't to the Christian right?
2 - should the Democrat strategy be to try and build an anti-evangelical coalition, or is there scope for a Democrat Presidential candidate to split this demographic without alienating the party's core vote?

by acrossthepondlife on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 05:05:02 PM EST

I'll field #1 (none / 0)

Of course it could happen. Different groups can slpit votes. Media celebrity and campaign funding can blur the difference between demographic groups. There isn't to say it is likely to happen, but it definately remains possible.
by Chris Bowers on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 05:32:57 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Religion and the Bases (none / 0)

On #2:
I'd like to see the Christian left get re-energized, and I think that they've got a real "home" in the democratic party.

As it is, I've heard that the religion-gap is a bit specious, since most judge religiosity by weekly church attendence. Studies I've seen (pew?) suggest that if you broaden that to twice or thrice-monthly attendence and the gap is gone. I think those that might miss a sunday or two (in this busy society) are no less religious, really, just have different priorities, and often are just as religious based on other criteria (such as mission involvement, church giving, prayer frequency, etc).

There is a report in the recent Christian Century about how the Christian Left is planning a political push. A lot of work needs to be done here, and probably will never be as effective as the block of the right, but it could be effective. The religious left has certain internal elements that lend themselves directly to political involvement, particularly moral arguments for work to help 'the least of these,' language of 'the common good,' and so on.

Ok, enough for the day.

by dctoo on Tue Sep 28, 2004 at 08:16:00 AM EST
[ Parent ]

Yup (none / 0)

This configuration has been obvious in California for a decade, since the Republicans played the race card by initiative (187-anti-immigrant in 1994, 209 - anti-affirmative action in 1996, etc.). This shored up their base in the white electorate for awhile, but further cemented the non-white, non-fundamentalist Christian coalition which has won all subsequent statewide elections (except against that media-freak Schwarzenegger.)

It is hard to govern through a coalition though -- the white fundies enjoy higher unanimity than the coalition of the Other -- and it shows.

Can It Happen Here?
by janinsanfran on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 05:08:24 PM EST

Correlations (none / 0)

Just looking at your chart, the correlation seems strongest in either Southern or strongly rural states...it breaks down pretty quickly otherwise.

I am not sure that the evangelicals can be relied on to vote strongly for Republicans so much as for those that share what they perceive to be their values...And it is possible that as more moderate Christians point out that Christ was NOT about greed and killing your opponents, the less the "swing" evangelicals will be able to be relied on to blindly follow the right wing.  From my very limited research, i don't find that the real audience for televangelism has increased, although CBN's market penetration has...in other words, there isn't a lot of evidence that there are more evangelicals, simply that they are currently louder...and are possibly repelling some borderline cases with their increasing Zelotry.

by Carol on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 05:10:55 PM EST

demographics (none / 0)

It would be interesting to see birth rate numbers for those 2 different demographics.  Don't know for sure, but I'm guessing that the non-white/non-christian contingent is reproducing at a much faster rate than the old White Estasblishment.  Ruy Teixeira's book probably elaborates on this notion.
by global yokel on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 05:23:19 PM EST

Birth Rate and Religion (none / 0)

Do religions have birth rates? These days, people seem to change their religions fairly often, so the traidtional community and fmaily connections might not be strong indicators.
by Chris Bowers on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 05:29:15 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: demographics (none / 0)

Not necessarily.  Evangelicals, and especially Mormons, tend to have big families, simply because they often don't believe in birth control.  The white liberal-Christian, Jewish, and secular component of our coalition has a lower birthrate, but that's somewhat compensated for by high birthrates and immigration among the other Democratic-leaning ethnic groups.  There's also the matter of proselytization, of course, which the evangelicals are more effective at; liberal Christians and secularists don't feel the need to push their religion (or lack thereof) on others.
Later,
Alex
Hillary Clinton or Barack Obama for President! Beat McCain!
by Alex on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 05:45:05 PM EST
[ Parent ]

fascinating stuff (none / 0)

The oddball among the states listed is WA, which "should" be only a little easier for Kerry than OH based on the % of evangelicals (or a little harder, given that OH has so many more African-Americans), when in fact WA will go for Kerry barring a landslide. I'm guessing that WA has an unusually high proportion of "secular warriors."

If the evangelicals break for the bad guys, and non-Christian voters break for our guys, anyway, shouldn't we be spending a lot of time thinking about... Catholics? I suspect that every winning presidential candidate since 1960s has won Catholics. Of course, "Catholics" isn't really the name of a bloc-- it's the name of several blocs, including single-issue pro-life voters, union households, most (not all!) Latinos, etc.

by accommodatingly on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 06:03:34 PM EST

Re: fascinating stuff (none / 0)

The Seattle area is Secular Warrior central.  I don't think Ohio has much of a secular warrior population.
by danielj on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 06:15:12 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: fascinating stuff (none / 0)

Wrong.  George Herbert Walker Bush lost the Catholic vote.

I don't know about his moron son and the Catholics, though.

by JoshNarins on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 07:32:00 PM EST
[ Parent ]

We are here! Catholics for Kerry (none / 0)

I was glad to see this post. I still think the Catholic vote is crucial. BTW Bush lost the Catholic vote narrowly to Gore. However, this cycle, my sense is that we are losing the Catholic vote although it is hard to say.

The Catholic right has undertaken a very organized unprecedented million dollar effort to make this campaign a single issue campaign (abortion) and it may be working. On the other hand, we really don't know if it is working because Catholics on the whole are turned of by Bush. I personally think that moderates only claim to be Bush supporters because they are afraid of being harassed by the maniacal right; but come Nov 2, alone with God, conscience and ballot box, they'll do what's right.

We Catholic Kerry supporters are here and doing what we can. Here are a number of Kerry Catholic sites:

Kerry Catholics
Catholics for Kerry Yahoo Group
Catholics for Kerry Blog
Catholics for Kerry 04
Catholics for Kerry.net

If you know of any interested Catholics, please send them our way.

I think some progressive Catholic pacs are in the works and will hopefully counter some of the wrong rhetoric out there.

Of course, there's always the Bishops, who seem to say the wrong thing every time they open their mouths (One just basically called Kerry and Catholic Democrats devil partners and was renewed as part of Bush's Interfaith religious something or  the other). And then there are rape charges being bandied about concerning a Bishop (he is escaping prosecution because the statute of limitations is passed). Hopefully, people will take note that the Bishops need to go logging and remove all these logs in their eyes before worrying about the specks in the eyes of others.

Last word: Michigan, MO, WI, OH, AZ,FL,CO (?) have 20-30% Catholic populations, so it is a critical demographic. BTW, Catholics constitute an active 20% of the electorate.

by Ono on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 08:28:59 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: We are here! Catholics for Kerry (none / 0)

Catholics don't vote as a bloc. The Pew Research Center did something on this recently, I believe, which showed that Catholics don't have any pattern other than the general population.

What's scary about Kerry losing Catholics is that Catholic are a microcosm of the overall voting population and so it indicates a high likelihood of losing overall. But as mentioned above, Bush lost Catholics by something like 2% and the overall vote by .5%

What Dems need to do is reframe the debate. From what I've seen the reps have made Abortion the central issue while conveniently allowing Catholics et al to "forget" that the church condemns the death penalty and advocates caring for the poor and sick (not big Rep agenda items last time I checked). Dems could win more of these voters and even Evangelicals if they reframed the entire ethical debate instead of allowing it to be code for abortion.

by cfr on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 08:56:08 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: We are here! Catholics for Kerry (none / 0)

Catholics tend to vote their region...

Catholics from Maryland, like myself, vote Democrat, as do those from New England (think Massachussetts)...  Catholics I know from conservative areas (upstate New York, Central PA, Texas and so forth) tend to vote Republican.  This is partly because the dioscese tends to refect the political character of the area.  The Archdiosese of Rochester is VERY liberal.  Likewise, the Baltimore arcdiosese chafes at the idea of openly supporting Republicans.  In Colorado Springs or Alexandria however, the diosese are far to the right.

by math geek on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 09:55:04 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re:Washington (none / 0)

One other factor is that many of the white Protestants here are members of mainline or liberal churches. Even within their respective church organizations Washington congregations are among the most liberal ones.

Many of our local congregations have openly gay and lesbian pastors even when their national organization isn't nearly so accepting. (Methodists for example)

Even many of the local evangelical and born-again churches tend to focus more on charity work rather than flipping out over various social issues (though we have our share of whackos too).

As for Catholics, they are definately a group the Democrats should pay attention to, both because they've largely tended to vote Democratic historicly and because they are just as likely to be concerned about things like the death penalty, peace, or social justice as they are issues like abortion or gay marrage. (a Catholic voter is just as likely to have views in line with Kerry or Kucinich as Santorum)

Hopefully the fact that Kerry is a practicing Catholic will help some with Catholic voters.

by ces on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 07:44:29 PM EST
[ Parent ]

This is why I come here. (none / 0)

In a word, brilliant analysis.

What does the GOP do?  This reminds me a bit of Gov. Wilson's alienation of Latino voters -- the only thing that brought them back to the GOP since was an aberrational celebrity candidate (who never would have been nominated in a GOP primary in CA).  Otherwise, since Wilson, the state is safely blue (before a GOPer quibbles, what are the odds that Bush or a Senate candidate comes within 10 points of the Dem in the state)

Do you think that the trend of the GOP focusing on evangelical voters and Southern evangelical voters in particular -- at the expense of appealing to non-evangelical voters -- is a permanent thing?  

I do for two reasons, but am interested in whether my logic is faulty.  

First, future GOP presidential candidates have to run to their base until they win the nomination.  The base of the GOP in primary and caucus states lies primarily in the Christian evangelical vote.  You piss them off (Guiliani, Arnold, certainly Powell, probably Pataki) by being pro-choice or pro-gay marriage (or by not offering specific overtures to the evangelical community  -- such as visiting Bob Jones University) and you're done.

Second, remember that the face of the GOP when they don't have the WH is in Congress.  Those Congressional folks are in safe, unrepresentative seats in the South -- where being ultraconservative is not an insult.  John Judis (I think) wrote a great piece about this:  how the GOP captured the South and how, in turn, the South captured the GOP.

This is a bad long-term strategy for a party, as much as it might make sense short-term -- focusing on a portion of society that at times defines itself by not being representative of society as a whole (witness home schooling, or decrying the degradation of the rest of culture).

by ChrisR on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 06:29:48 PM EST

demographics and authority and frames oh my! (none / 0)

Another interesting facet to this topic is reading these statistics in the context of George Lakoff (Moral Politics) and his analysis of priorities and world-view.

GL talks of conservatives world view being organized around a strict father metaphor and liberals viewing the world through nurturant parent priorities. Strict father authoritarian discipline is very much in line with the born again world. You submit totally to the "Father" and you must submit in order to be saved.
Liberal nurturant parent authoritative views are not as narrow and allow for interaction rather than just submission.

The authoritarian/authoritative split is also what is happening with Kerry getting slammed for questioning Bush. The authoritarian model derives it's power and authority from the role or the office - in the authoritative model, authority and power is given by consensus or agreement that you are knowledgeable or competent in a particular area. Put another way authority and power arise "of the people, by the people and for the people".

It is really astonishing that Conservatives would ignore this aspect of merit in favor of a blind observance of title considering the rhetoric of the supremacy of individual achievement.

It blows my mind that this administration gets away with such Orwellian redefinitions of themselves and anyone who opposes them. This election is about "1984" and whether we want that to be fiction or prophesy.

by elemgee on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 07:08:54 PM EST

Re: demographics and authority and frames oh my! (none / 0)

Interesting .... I understand the Greek, Syriac, and Gothic versions use familiar forms (equivalent to English 'Dad') while the Latin versions use formal forms (equivalent to English 'Father') to render the Gospels and especially the Lord's Prayer ... Yet again fundamentalists ignore the Bible ...

I keep waiting for the fundamentalist/evangelical coalition to collapse. It ignores the stated beliefs of its various branches, it ignores the basic absurdity of a Fundamentalist-Catholic-Mormon coalition, etc. I would not expect people to work together, [i]and[/i] accuse each other of heresy, at the same time, without some friction.

by Left for the Left on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 08:04:16 PM EST
[ Parent ]

What this means... (none / 0)

(Ditto above, about how great Chris's analysis ALWAYS is...  Superb!)

What this all means.

The states that CLEARLY stand out are Arizona, Colorado and Florida.  Florida should be an old friend by now; we know about that.  Arizona and Colorado are surprises though.  We have seen them flirting back and forth with swing-state status, but it hasn't been taken all that serously before.  This leads me to believe that there may be more to this than I had considered.

We have invested a huge amount of organizational effort and targeted a lot of advertising on Ohio, which has a higher ratio of White-Evangelicals than either AZ or CO.  Perhaps a wee bit more of that money and effort should have been spent in AZ or CO.  Perhaps it's not too late to do it.  

Late targeting of states isn't always a bad idea.  Gore gave up prematurely on Tennessee during the 2000 campaign because of faulty polling data (faulty, still, obviously).  He was close enough there that a little effort might have made the difference there.

Second point.

The Bush base is clearly White Evangelicals.  We always knew that, but this makes it even more stark.  

Somebody suggested running against White Evangelicals.  This would, IMHO, be a bad idea.  The WE's might be far more inclined to vote for Bush, but antagonizing them might just activate Bush's base and get out their vote.  A better strategy would be to run ads targeted at specific niche groups that feel neglected.

This is where the Hispanic vote becomes very important.  Spanish ads go straight to the target demographic.  Things can be said in Spanish ads that might resonate the wrong way in English.  I don't mean that we should run a two-faced campaign, but certain social-justice themes that are more popular with Hispanics than with the population at large can be addressed more boldly without affecting the message to the non-Spanish-speaking electorate.

I don't know why the above strategy hasn't been used more than it has to date.  It's so simple and clear.  Hispanics are a great demographic group for Democrats.  Spanish ads are cheaper to run than English ads.  They are more likely to reach motivated Democrats.  There are some Spanish ads out there, but most of them tend to be translations of the English ads, or pale imitations of the same themes.  

by Dumbo on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 07:09:09 PM EST

The Right... (none / 0)

Abortion? Gay Marriage? Values?

Every day, FOX says the election is about these things. As long as real issus aren't on the front-burner, we won't have real politics.

Why was Lott pushed out, and Frist moved in?  Not because of some crack Lott had made a few times before, but because Frist is Religious Right, Lott is an old Dixiecrat (Racist Right).

Arizona is, by one measure, the most conservative state in America (racist/xenophobe).  What measure?  Jon Kyl is the most conservative Senator.  Shadegg, Stump and Flake are three of the most conservative Representatives (in the five most conservative of the 435).

I'm sick of George Lakoff, by the way.  Forget "frames."  The media only bothers to talk about certain things, ergo, the rump of America only knows that much.  Why do you need a metaphor?  Maybe it is because I don't, that I don't need Lakoff.  Sorry!

The real trick is proving there was a God.  You heard me, not to prove there is no God.  

Names of God in the Tanakh(Old Testament): Yahweh, Elohim, El, Eloah, Eloh

Elohim is plural, we've always known that.

The rumor from a Dead Sea Scrolls scholar is that "El" was a guy, "Elohim" were his 70 kids.

All we have to do is prove it.  Not that there is no god, but that there was a guy called "God."

by JoshNarins on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 07:41:26 PM EST

Re: Religion and the Bases (none / 0)

I've been thinking a lot about the "reps are the "white" party." In actuality, it's probably more accurate to say the "white male" party. But even including women, I've been wondering if it's true across the board that whites are more republican or if it's skewed by geography. For example, Ohio is very "white" demographically, and so those voters might balance out white voters in Massachusetts who vote Dem.

So basically, if we looked at, say, white voters on the coasts, would they be as rep-leaning as whites across the entire country? I don't know if anyone has ever seen this data broken out but I think it's worth considering.

by cfr on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 09:00:00 PM EST

Re: Religion and the Bases (none / 0)

I think your divide a conquer mentality is one that the Democratic Party leadership has followed for years. I understand that the Democratic Party has in the past done a lot for minorities. At some point whether or not this has happened yet, a party that controls blocks of the population will began to take them for granted and eventually hold them down. In this election we have seen poll numbers mentioned on this site saying that President Bush is gaining ground among African American voters. That is beside the point.

We are all Americans and painting minorities as voting robots is condescending. The scare tactics used to hold their vote such as calling the Republican Party the "White" party, does not bring this country together. It capitalizes on racial rifts and widens them for political gain. JFK(Kennedy) did a lot for minorities which I personally admire, it was southern democrats that fought him on segregation and don't forget the first republican President freed the slaves.

The President believes in teaching a man to fish instead of continually giving him fish and expecting a vote in return. He has many minorities in his cabinet and has tried to get many minorities into judicial positions. You could argue that it was done for political reasons, but Rice and Powell among others are the people he trusts. Republicans also pushed through Clarence Thomas through a smear campaign by the democrats. These positions show minorities that they too can believe in and participate in the American Dream. Please understand that any attacks in this article is pointed at leadership in the Democratic party not democrats themselves, there are good and bad people in both parties.

by Patrick Henry on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 09:42:31 PM EST

Condescending (none / 0)

"These positions show minorities that they too can believe in and participate in the American Dream."

And the Democratic Leadership is being condescending? Be careful what you step in dude.

by Chris Bowers on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 09:58:40 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Condescending (none / 0)

I guess I could have choosen my words better, it is a delicate issue and I certainly don't want to be condesending. I just think the American Dream is open to everybody and nothing should hold anyone back. I am not sure how that is condesending. Both parties need to focus on that. My post may have been a little defensive though. I hope you can understand where I am coming from.
by Patrick Henry on Mon Sep 27, 2004 at 10:53:16 PM EST
[ Parent ]

I know where you're coming from (none / 0)

Nothing SHOULD hold anyone back, but Republican politicians always make sure that their privileged friends are the first ones to not be held back. That's why the children of privelege have historically gotten the draft deferments, National Guard slots (before members of the National Guard actually went to war), legacy admissions to Ivy League schools, etc. Nowadays they can look forward to tax-free inheritances and offshore tax shelters.

I'm just talking about Republican politicians of course, not Republicans, since there are good and bad people in both parties.

by EvanstonDem on Tue Sep 28, 2004 at 12:47:20 AM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: The Christian Left, Alive, Well, and Needed! (none / 0)

Well, yes. That's a mainline Protestant denomination. The Annenberg numbers count evangelicals.
by accommodatingly on Tue Sep 28, 2004 at 02:49:45 AM EST

Re: The Christian Left, Alive, Well, and Needed! (none / 0)

I hadn't read this when I posted above, but I'll second this.

There really is a religious left out there. I'd love to see a liberal-religio political 'resurrection'.

by dctoo on Tue Sep 28, 2004 at 08:18:35 AM EST

Pushing (none / 0)

It seems to me that both sides are pushing on this wall trying to get it to fall on the other guys. Republicans are always talking about how African-American conservatives are headed their way, and thus far they haven't, but it doesn't mean they won't at some time in the future. The fact is that large numbers of blacks vote against their conserative positions on social issues (abortion, gay rights) in order to vote for Democrats supporting Affirmative Action. The Republicans seem to be saying to them, "give up your silly fixation on Affirmative Action and you'll have a home with us."

By the same token, many white Protestants vote against their liberal economic positions in order to vote for Republicans supporting conservative social issues. Democrats seem to be saying, "give up your silly anti-abortion fixation and you'll have a home with us."

It seems ridiculous (from a left-wing POV anyway) to ask African-Americans to give up on Affirmative Action; but from a right-wing POV, it seems equally ridiculous for white Protestants to give up on abortion. Yet as people considered outside of their demographics, these people are ideologically very very close and share views on nearly everything. If either side did begin to shift in numbers, we'd see a catastrophic shift in political power and the days of the 50/50 nation would be gone.

This is really why we need people like George Lakoff -- both sides vote against part of their interests, and whoever is first to frame those interests in a way that causes their targeted block to change priorities will end up dominating political power for half a century.

PS -- there's about a million Buddhists out here and not a one of us is voting for Bush.

by corax on Tue Sep 28, 2004 at 10:19:36 AM EST

frames, mom and dad (none / 0)

As far as GOP being Dad the discipliarian and Mom being the nuturer, it seems more the opposite:
Dad gives the kids candy (tax-cuts) has a beer and goes to sleep  
Mom makes em eat broccoli (taxes) and busts butt raising the kids
by astuar on Tue Sep 28, 2004 at 01:13:11 PM EST


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