Using the Language of Our Oppressors

I have news for everyone: it is impossible for liberals and Democrats to win Middle America. No matter where our candidate is from, and no matter how we talk values, our victory there is impossible. This is because Middle America, as it is presently conceived, exists purely as a rhetorical creation of conservatives. It is a talking point, a frame, a sound-bite, a form of spin That we are even trying to win Middle America shows just how thoroughly we have been beaten.

In What's the Matter with Kansas, as we discussed on Wednesday, Thomas Frank identifies an important element of the Great Backlash narrative as a form of identity politics that opposes the "common" with the "elite." In this narrative, these identities are constructed entirely on cultural, rather than economic terms.

This postulation of a "common" culture opposed to and oppressed by an "elite" culture requires commoners whose culture is opposed to and oppressed by elites with a different culture. Specifically, the elites are liberals, and the common are conservatives. The Grat Backlash narrative, and the postulation of the conservative as common and Middle, is entirely a creation of conservatives. This is a brutally effective rhetorical maneuver, for if you control the Middle and the common, you are the holder of natural American values, and you are the natural ruling party. After all, those not in the Middle represent the fringe, and those who are not common represent to the rare rather than the majority.

Howard Dean is fond of saying that in order to defeat Republicans, you must be different from Republicans on policy terms. An even more obvious truism for Democrats is that in order to defeat Republicans, you cannot use Republican talking points (I have covered this at great length in my discussions on "real" conservatism). Despite this, it is remarkable how deeply ingrained the Great Backlash notion of Middle America is, even for liberals. Do we really think we can we people over who only exist as a rhetorical creation of conservative language warriors? How can you win Middle America by reframing issues when the entire concept of Middle America is already a conservative frame?

Sadly, we not only accept the narrative, but actively play into the Middle America stereotype. Google News registers 702 hits on the exact phrase, "Middle America" since November 3rd from U.S. news sources. Considering the frequency with which the term in used in our own country, one would think that it is an actual location, rather than a rhetorical device. Considering that it is not a real place, it is probably less amazing that one the majority of the hits on Google News come from people who would not consider themselves common, or Middle Americans. After all, it is hard to consider yourself a member of a fictional location.

For example, here is one frequently mentioned story on the subject that discusses an African-American basketball player who turned down a scholarship at USC in order to play for Nebraska:

The Midwest sounded interesting to Howell. She always looks for new experiences, and she figured Middle America would give her a different perspective than the big city on the Left Coast.
Middle America is not "the big city on the Left Coast," which in this article specifically refers to Los Angeles. Middle America is certainly not African-America. However, Nebraska, and possibly the Midwest in general, are a part of middle America.

Here is one of the many post-election analysis that also found a location for Middle America:

The real and devastating problem for Democrats lies in the rural and suburban areas of middle America and the South's Bible Belt.
OK--middle America is rural and suburban, although it does seem separate from the "South's Bible Belt," according to the grammar of this sentence. Democrats are not rural, suburban or southern. In other words, Republican areas are Middle America, Democratic areas are not.

Another post-election article has more clues on Middle America:

To appeal to middle America, Democratic leaders don't need to carry guns to church services and shoot grizzlies on the way. But a starting point would be to shed their inhibitions about talking about faith and to work more with religious groups.
According to this article, Middle America is very religious. More importantly, it also makes clear that Democrats are not from Middle America, and thus are not the natural governing party.

Democratic Governors weigh in, with the help of two WP staff writers:

Sen. John F. Kerry's loss to President Bush last month has triggered considerable soul-searching among Democrats about their failure to win more support in the South, in Middle America and rural areas. Democrats say they must communicate more effectively to voters who are motivated by faith and values.

At a DGA news conference, Pennsylvania Gov. Edward G. Rendell said the answer does not exist in Washington. "Washington gets caught in what I would call 'Washington-speak' and, as a result, it doesn't understand the significance of how issues are playing in the heartland," he said.

"Middle America" is not a real place. However, by listing alongside real places, such the southern and rural areas, Dan Baiz and Brian Faler imply that it exists somewhere near these other locations, or that it is at least like these locations. Rendell does exactly the same thing. We Democrats, who are not from the heartland, do not know how to speak to the language of the heartland. Phrasing the issue in this way immediately surrenders the natural right to govern to Republicans and conservatives, who are the common, the natural, the great Middle.

While what defines middle and not, common and not, heartland and not, seems general and vague, but one thing seems certain: we liberals and Democrats are not Middle America. This repeatedly reinforces the notion that we are not the natural ruling party of America, and went a long way toward proving Bush legitimacy in 2000 even though he lost the popular vote. Bush, as a representative of Middle America, was our natural leader.

We do we do this? Why do we see ourselves according to the language of our opponents, who quite frankly have become our oppressors? They take away our civil liberties, destroy our unions, pollute our public lands, rob us of our public transportation and send to fight wars we believe are unjust, and yet we still see both them and us in their terms. I believe the main reason we continue to use the language of our oppressors is because we have no way of discussing ourselves to ourselves. We do not even know who we are even when we are holding a private conversation among ourselves, and thus we almost inevitably define ourselves, and our country, on their terms, Middle America versus everyone else.

Our first task should never be framing issues for other people, or learning how to speak the language of "middle America." To do so would be either to try and convince others to join us when we do not even know who we are, or to engage the dialogue entirely on their own terms. From now on, for at least a little while, the issue of framing must be discussed as an internal matter. We need to figure out who we are, not how we talk to others, before we move forward. Our conversations need to be internal--in Meetups, at House Parties, in Union Halls, liberal churches and liberal blogs. Let's take a few weeks off from framing them and figure out who we are. Until we do that, we will never know what it is we stand for, and we will never grow as a party.


Display:


another term (none / 0)

That I find maddening is "the heartland".  When I lived in northern Missouri, the local press would incessantly talk aboout how the weather in 'the heartland' was.  The implication is, I guess, that the real core of what the United States is is centered in Iowa and non-St.L and KC Missorui, and Nebraska, etc.  

Why can't the Midwest call itself the Midwest?  I"m from there, and have no shyness about it.  People on the coasts often have a messed up vision of it, but it's usually in the opposite direction from what these stereotype-makers would have you believe...

"You say the world has lost it's love I say embrace what it's made of" -Dar Williams
by Valatan on Fri Dec 03, 2004 at 04:05:14 PM EST

A note from Exurbia, Bible Belt (none / 0)

I happen to live in Exurbia/ Bible Belt country.

I think the key factor to remember is that
people here treat Rush limbaugh, or FOX
news, as news.

You absolutely have to reign in these channels
of propaganda, and make it well know theyre
not to be trusted..

by turnerbroadcasting on Fri Dec 03, 2004 at 04:27:11 PM EST

The Middle and Us. vs. Them (none / 0)

Not only have Democrats given into the illusion of "middle" America, but they have let it replace rhetoric like labor vs. capital, or working class vs. wealthy elite, the people vs. the megacorporations.  Of course, that wasn't just a rhetorical thing, the whole pro-corporate DLC set of policies have blown that too.  Still the point is don't let wealthy elite draw the line of us vs. them in a tricky way to get so much of the rest of America to be sided with them.  If you fall into liberal vs. conservative, democrat vs. republican or red state vs. blue state then you lose.  It's got to be more of the SuperRich/MegaCorporations against everyone else and that's nowhere near 50/50.

One thing that frustrated me about the Kerry campaign was the way he mentioned "middle" so much (middle class tax cuts for middle class families) and didn't really address issues of people outside this middle effectively.  Have the Democrats totally given up on fighting poverty and lifting the underclass up out of despair?  If Democrats talk as if the middle class is all there is, then there is no need for the welfare state.

by RedStateIndie137 on Fri Dec 03, 2004 at 04:49:59 PM EST

Well, I agreed with the last.... (none / 0)

four sentences:

"We need to figure out who we are, not how we talk to others, before we move forward. Our conversations need to be internal--in Meetups, at House Parties, in Union Halls, liberal churches and liberal blogs. Let's take a few weeks off from framing them and figure out who we are. Until we do that, we will never know what it is we stand for, and we will never grow as a party. "

Where in world did you get the idea that Middle America is a geographical location?  And if, as I suspect, you don't really believe this notion then it seems to me that you are using it for the sole purpose of swaying the party to abandon all hopes of winning over the moderate centrists.

Middle America is a metaphor for the slightly right of center exurb and rural folks who used to identify themselves as slightly left of center farm/labor individuals.  It's a philosophical orientation, a world-view, that currently sees us as disconnected from their ideals or values.

When we won over the moderates we were able to advance our objectives of creating a better america.  Right now the republicans have them and will advance their objectives of a more controlled, theocratic america.

It's all about the numbers.  We don't have the White House, the Senate, or the House of Representatives because our opponents have framed their issues in ways to win the hearts and minds and votes of the vast middle ground.

Talking about the "language of our oppressors" plays into their hands; the perception is that we see ourselves being oppressed, while they present themselves as being "liberators" of the nation.  That's not "using" their language, that's creating it for them.

</rant mode>

by DrKen on Fri Dec 03, 2004 at 05:02:57 PM EST

Oppressors (none / 0)

Yeah, I agree that if we want to start change the frame, dropping the word oppressors is a good start.  Reps are not oppressing us.  They are wrong on countless issues, small-minded, intolerant, etc., but they are not oppressing me.  My life goes on.  I can post on this site to my heart's desire.  I can vote for Dems whenever I please.  Iraqis under Saddam were oppressed.  North Koreans being starved by their government are oppressed.  Refugees in East Sudan are oppressed.  

I am pissed off, deeply displeased with my government, and worried about the future, but not oppressed.

by alhill on Fri Dec 03, 2004 at 05:25:33 PM EST

Re: Oppressors (none / 0)

The mistake of your post is that it assumes now is forever. The US has existed for only 500 years. There is a hubris in assuming that it will exist as it does now for another 500 years. When people understand that history is not linear- that it doesn't always move forward, then I think we will understand what the founders of this country understood. The only way to guarantee that there is a liberal (small "l") democracy is to remain constantly vigilant. Right now, with the apathy in this country, I am not sure that's possible.
by bruh21 on Fri Dec 03, 2004 at 07:59:21 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Market segmentation (none / 0)

This is a really insightful post. "Middle America" is just one segment of a marketing strategy for conservatives. Our version of that used to be "the little guy." The thing we lack is a vocabulary for talking about our own audience. One could argue that we need to restore our claim to "the little guy." Or if that isn't quite right, we need another term for our target market.

We need a term for people of all walks of life, who value freedom, responsibility, and opportunity. It needs to include vocabulary that is already evocative of America. Not the dull small town America that everyone wants to move away from, but the vibrant place where the future is created, where all the children are above-average. Maybe something as simple as the Land of the Free or hopefully something better than that.

Then we need several authors to write books about this new place to establish its authenticity and show how the conservatives are serving it badly.

by pdt on Fri Dec 03, 2004 at 05:34:43 PM EST

Yes Use the Language of the Populists (none / 0)

Dancing Larry in Liberal Street fighter was describing his coomunity organizing in the 60's and this part excerpted below  is an example of your topic.
   I was listening to Sean Hannity Radio today it seems Repubs know it.   Their mantra is the Liberal Left is dictating to you their values on abortion,  sex ed in schools, morality, etc.,  How dare they impose it on us, etc. Dont do this to my children, etc.,

http://209.200.79.146/ee/index.php?/trifecta/comments/talkin_organizing_vol_i_a_tale_from_the_city/

snip
But it was at the third door that I realized I wasn't hearing the whole question.  As it happened, that third door was the little bungalow on Marion Street, where we were greeted and welcomed in by Johnny Molina.  I saw in that tiny house all the pride and effort that people of no means can put into maintaining dignity in a home.  And again, I was asked, "Why are they doing this?" And it suddenly hit me, the part of the question they weren't putting in words, what I was really being asked was, "Why are they doing this to us?" The scales fell from my eyes.  And I don't know where the words I responded with came from, I certainly didn't think them out, I just began to speak.

"Because they think they can do it, because they think they can get away with it, they think they can push you around and push you out and and that no one will do anything, no one will say anything.  They think you don't care, that you have no pride, that your homes mean nothing to you." Oh yes, I added about payoffs and developers, but that was just filling in gaps.  Johnny's eyes lit up as I talked about the contempt that the Tully machine had for the people of the Triangle, a dark cold fire.  He grabbed his coat, said something to his wife in Spanish, turned to Val and me, and told us, "We will go talk to the people."

by jasmine on Fri Dec 03, 2004 at 06:10:56 PM EST

Progressive America on the Air (none / 0)

The point made above about the DLC "brainwashing" grass-roots democrats is a good one.  We not only bought into the Plutocrats rhetoric, we tried to become them as well by moving the Party to the "center" i.e. abandoning progressivism (I deliberately do not use "liberal" which has become a GOP slur). Consequently, we became unauthentic.

We can recapture our identity by unashamedly embracing our progressive values and patiently explaning to those who are ignorant--the ones who live in the middle--why they should do the same.  Many of us moved to the coasts from the Midwest because we wanted to expand our possibilities, search for opportunities, while relying on a personal optimism and shared values of individual freedom.  If our rhetoric becomes too strident, too anti, we loose ground because America is essentially a conservative country. But because it is still somewhat democratic, its open to persuasion.

To reach a mass audience we need to create progressive mass media.  Air America is a start, but we need our Fox, and our Wall Street Journal too.  As Lewis Lapham has pointed out recently the Plutocrats have been developing an effective propoganda machine since the late 60s. When disillusionment with the "righteous empire" sets in, we need to be ready.  

by Muy Loco on Fri Dec 03, 2004 at 06:15:34 PM EST

People Instead Of Places (3.00 / 1)

Having lived in New York, Massachusetts and California in the past 15 years, I am alienated from the Republican party just by how they frame geography.  Yes, I am of the middle class, but also 'liberal Massachusetts', 'Taxachusetts', 'East Coast elites', 'West Coast moral relativists', etc, as if these places aren't representative of the country as a whole.  As if these places produce nothing of value.  As if Warren Buffet, who is based in Nebraska, isn't an elite, or the Walton family (related to Sam Walton of Wal-Mart) of Arkansas for that matter.  But my family is.

We and the Dems need to talk about our people, not places.  Everyday people. Regular people.

And forget middle class.  People in America don't like to talk about class; they don't like to see themselves as part of a group based on limited wealth as the entire concept of the American dream is based upon economic fluidity.  

As for how we frame them, may I suggest 'Regressive'?  If we're progressive, they're regressive.   Conservative implies conservation, the status quo - which is not what the Republican party is about anymore.  They want to roll back society to another era, rejecting contemporary society completely.  And doesn't 'Religous Regressives' sound a proper to describe the radical Christian right?  Doesn't 'Social Regressives' describe those who want to want to make it illegal to terminate a pregnancy, to prevent gay adults from having consensual relations? Doesn't 'Corporate Regressives' describe Wal-Mart's anti regular-people union-busting tactics?

As for Wall Street, or big business, what do you think of 'Corporate Elites' or 'Big Business Elites'?  Regular people vs big business elites.  I know who's side I'm on with that.

by geech on Fri Dec 03, 2004 at 07:30:14 PM EST

Re: People Instead Of Places (none / 0)

regressive.  that is freaking perfect.
:-)
s.
by synth on Sun Dec 05, 2004 at 03:08:22 AM EST
[ Parent ]

Gee, I thought that they were calling it... (none / 0)

...Middle America because it is in the Middle of America.

Also, it's not like liberals on the coasts don't have disparging terms for the red states in the middle of the country, to go with Taxechuttes and the like on the right.

Usually, the middle half of the country is referred to liberals on the coasts as fly over country, as in the place you fly over when going from Los Angeles to New York, but care zero about.

What is really happening here is logic.

Cities are red.

Rural areas are blue.

Cities first begin, and are largest, on the coasts.  Ports and beaches encourage cities to form around them.

Therefore, the coasts are urban, and the middle of the country is rural.

Therefore, states on the coasts mostly go blue, and states in the middle of the country mostly go red.

The only exception is The South, which has it's own issues (slavery, breaking away from the Union, etc.), which lend it to be redder than it should be.

by Geotpf on Fri Dec 03, 2004 at 08:16:30 PM EST

Good point well made (none / 0)

We have a 'Middle England' here in Britain and, once again, the phrase has been claimed by the right-wing conservatives.

The idea has rather less significance over here, partly because the high population density throughout England means that rural 'Middle Englanders' are widely dismissed as an affluent minority. It may also be true that the Conservative party's ownership of the phrase has contributed to their dismal performances in Scotland and Wales over the last decade.

However, your article reminded me of a story I read in the Guardian in August. While it is largely about the British education system, the following passage would seem to be relevant here:

[Schools Minister David] Miliband understands the power of such a phrase - with its connotations of mainstream, common sense - and has set out to reclaim it.

The result is a rather American and specifically Democratic usage. Bill Clinton did not speak of middle America - with its geographic connotations of the sensible, God-fearing heartland - but instead addressed the "forgotten middle class", when really he meant working people on relatively low income. It was a clever move, fostering solidarity between high earners who identify themselves as middle class and those much lower down the income scale. Miliband seems to be opting for this US use of middle - and it makes good, political sense. If elections come down to a battle for the middle ground, why cede the language of middledom to the enemy?

Perhaps the target now should be to recapture the word 'middle' and re-associate it with left-wing and progressive politics, maybe by speaking of benefits for middle income families. In any case the GOP invention "Middle America" should be avoided.

By the way, the most widely swallowed GOP invention over the last few years has been "War on Terror". Democrats should have found better words, in order to disassociate homeland security from vague fantasy and naked imperialism.

My blog Things I Don't Have Time For

by daveholden on Fri Dec 03, 2004 at 08:20:24 PM EST

Entrepreneurial America? (none / 0)

Not that we want to define ourselves in purely economic terms, but aren't we, in the cities of either coast, the engines of innovation, growth and prosperity?  So why not claim this for ourselves?

Innovation rests also on a tolerance of, even a promotion of, difference.  So our identities as diverse people who come together to create the common good and prosperity is integral to our cultural strength.  I think we have to emphasize that aspect of who we are:  we are culturally strong.

Claiming this identity as Entrepreneurial America also allows us, culturally, to claim back something that is deeply ingrained in American mythology and the American consciousness.  The progressive, frontier mythology of America is bound up in the language of innovation and entrepreneurial risk-taking.

One image and metaphor of this comes with the way New York came together after 9/11.  There were a lot of working people of all colors, flavors and faiths in those images:  that was America.  That, even, was the "heart" of America.  But for political purposes, New Yorkers have become framed as the "other" again.

By approaching our identity as Entrepreneurial America this way, we can also point out a couple of things, by way of contrast.  First, it gives an opportunity to demonstrate again that the so called "blue states" subsidize the economies of the so called "red" ones.  Furthermore, as Andrew Sullivan has argued recently, our policies and culture are actually better in terms of producing the "moral" outcomes that the right wing seeks to promote.

The way I see it, using the frame of "Entrepreneurial America" not only has the benefit of being good politics, it has the benefit of being true, as Lyndon Johnson once famously remarked in another context.

by Pachacutec on Sat Dec 04, 2004 at 12:11:14 PM EST

Re: Entrepreneurial America? (none / 0)

And I forgot to mention:  the Entrepreneurial America frame works well, in an Elliot Spitzer/Teddy Roosevelt like way, as a starting point to critique and attack the overtaking of our government by anti-competitive big business (like Haliburten).  Big-corporate America takes full advantage of the government-for-sale environment of the DeLay K-Street project to tilt regulation against the entrepreneur, the innovator and the common citizen (environmental issues, for example).

The barriers to economic growth thereby created against small business vastly suppresses job growth and inhibits small businesses from providing benefits and health care.  A pro-small business agenda is a pro-working family agenda.  And it will sell well in the battleground ex-urbs.  That's another benefit, in my view, of the Entrepreneurial America frame.

I also think talking about Entrepreneurial America is a way to bridge the economic issues spoken of in "What's the Matter with Kansas?" with the issues of culture that really do frame the ways Americans identify themselves now.

The culture of Entrepreneurial America does not only live in the coasts, but is alive in any place that puts the values of Entrepreneurial America in place.  The results are growth and better living - and less divorce, fewer abortions, opportunity for all and family security.  

By inviting all Americans to join us in the vision of creating this kind of Entrepreneurial America, we offer not just a critique of Republican corruption, and the alliance of theocrats with robber baron corporations, but a positive, alternate vision of what America is  about.

by Pachacutec on Sat Dec 04, 2004 at 02:00:56 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Responsible America (none / 0)

How about "Responsible America"? After all, we're the party of:

Fiscal responsibility: balancing the budget, maintaining our nation's fiscal health, not passing huge debt to our children, preserving Social Security

Social responsibility: protecting working people, children, people struggling to rise from poverty, elders, people with disabilities and other vulnerable members of our society; preserving the health and welfare of all Americans; assuring clean air, clean water and a healthy environment

International responsibility: working with allies to preserve peace, stability and advance freedom and prosperity throughout the world.

Responsibility for the liberty, equality and right to pursue happiness of all citizens.

The theme in Barack Obama's speech to the DNC that "I am my brother's keeper and my sister's keeper" resonate here. Years ago, Newt Gingrich used "personality responsibility" as a conservative political slogan and code for eliminating welfare, but Democrats support a broader and deeper form of responsibility.

by Dunyazad on Sat Dec 04, 2004 at 05:08:00 PM EST

Re: Responsible America (none / 0)

Sorry, I was referring to the Gingrichian "PERSONAL responsibility."
by Dunyazad on Sat Dec 04, 2004 at 05:08:54 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Two different dream worlds (none / 0)

The dream world of "Middle America" is made up of those parts of the U.S. that are the most uniquely American.   Obsession with gun ownership, "get off my property", evangelical christianity, NASCAR, the NFL, big pick up trucks, etc.   But also manufacturing unions, small farms, small businesses on mainstreet, etc.

The dream world of the "Political Center" is a different place entirely.   The "Political Center" a majoritarian set of positions with no constituency.

So there are two conversations disguised as one taking place here.

"Middle America" would have understood if John Kerry had said, "NASCAR's not my thing.  I like baseball.  Hey how bout those Red Sox?"  Instead he asked, "Who Amongst Us Does Not Love NASCAR?"

So Chris may be right (I'm not entirely convinced) you can't pander to "Middle America" because it doesn't really exist.  In fact, if you try to pander to it, you automatically lose because you start operating on a set of premises set up by Republicans that all tilt their way.

As for the "Political Center" their is a center on cultural issues and a center on economic issues.  Two different axis'.  A majority of Americans may be in the center on cultural issues, but there is also a majority to the left on economic issues.

Tacking center may be a successful strategy for individual Democrats to win specific elections, but it's been disastrous for the Party as a whole.  

The most obvious example is Clinton's legacy.  He created lots of loyalty to Bill Clinton, but party identification continued to decline as the GOP pulled up even.  

NAFTA may have been smart economics, but it was lousy strategy for the Party.  People were scratching their heads asking how people in Rust Belt states with massive jobs losses could vote for Bush.  My guess is that they don't blame Bush for the jobs, they blame Clinton.

Welfare reform was a popular position for Clinton and helped him win over "The Center" but does any one think that it inspired anyone to become a lifelong Democrat?

That's the problem with tacking to the Center.  You have to fight for those same damn votes in election after election.   Deliver on universal healthcare and you'll have votes in the bank from a generation.

The other problem with tacking Center, is that the GOP keeps moving Right so the Center keeps moving Right.  Tacking Center facillitates that.

Democratic Party identification comes from Social Security, Medicare, the GI Bill, the FHA, the Civil Rights Act, the Apollo program, etc.   There is nothing in the DLC project that could remotely build that kind of party loyalty.

Move the Party Left on Economic issues and let individual candidates tack Center on Cultural issues when necessary.

That's how Brian Schweitzer won in Montana, which might be part of "Middle America" if such a place existed.

(please exuse my uncrisp writing.  Little hungover this morning.)

by Marc Brazeau on Sun Dec 05, 2004 at 03:30:33 PM EST


You are not logged in.

In order to post a comment, you must be logged in. If you have a member account, please log in to comment.

If not, you can make an account right here. It's quick and free.