Kerry Lost the Popular Vote In "Safe" States

It is becoming increasingly clear that John Kerry lost the popular vote because Democrats only focused on swing states, while Republicans fought a much more nationwide campaign. This was the conclusion of Robert David Sullivan, and it was also the tentative conclusion I reached last week. Now, even though the final counting is certainly not complete, I think have run some numbers that make this claim nearly indisputable. My source is the incomparable Dave Leip:
Presidential Nominee, National Popular Vote (In Millions)
     2000   2004    Change
DNC  51.00  57.30   +12.4%
RNC  50.46  60.70   +20.3%
As everyone already knows, nationwide Bush managed a more significant increase in his popular vote total than Kerry managed to increase on Gore's total. However, if the twenty most closely fought swing states are compared to the other thirty states plus D.C., the relative increases are far more revealing:
Presidential Nominee, Swing State Popular Vote (In Millions)
     2000   2004   Change
DNC  21.67  25.82  +19.1%
RNC  22.16  27.08  +22.2%
In the twenty swing-states the two campaigns spent the most time and money, Republicans and Democrats improved at almost exactly the same rate (the twenty swing states in these calculations are AZ, AR, CO, FL, IA, ME, MI, MN, MO, NV, NH, NM, NC, OH, OR, PA, VA, WA, WV, and WI). Further, Kerry improved on Gore's total by at least 9.2% in all twenty of these states. However, now look at the "safe" states:
Presidential Nominee, Safe State Popular Vote (In Millions)
     2000   2004   Change
DNC  29.35  31.47   +7.2%
RNC  28.32  33.61  +18.7%
In fifteen of these thirty-one "safe states," Kerry imporved on Gore's total by less than 9.2%. In 2004, Bush turned a safe state deficit of more than a million votes into a safe state victory of more than two million votes. The overall swing in the safe states, nearly 3.2 million votes, accounts for over 93% of Bush's current national vote margin. Had Kerry increased the Democratic vote total in the safe states at the same rate that Bush managed to increase his safe state vote total, Kerry would currently be down by less than 50,000 votes nationwide, and few, if any people, would find the recount efforts unjustified. Bush would be under 50%, Kerry would be over 49%, and there would be no talk of a mandate whatsoever.

Unfortunately, by ignoring the non-swing states, we sowed the seeds of our own illegitimacy when it came to Ohio. Starting in 2006, Democratic activism must permanently work toward a fifty-state strategy.



Display:


Not Sure (none / 0)

I am not sure the GOP ran a wider campaign than the Demos, they just had a tighter, tougher message that appealed to more people.

As Noam Scheiber states in his blog at TNR:

"But what I think everyone is overlooking here is the degree to which cultural issues and national security credibility are connected (Ed probably wouldn't disagree with me on this point). In my mind, the most important question swing voters asked themselves when deciding whom to vote for was, "which guy is going to keep me safe." But, in answering this question, they didn't think through the details of how Iraq was going, or how much loose nuclear material the administration had secured, or even how many members of Al Qaeda we've rolled up in the last three years. What they thought about was "which candidate do I trust more: my plain-talking, brush-clearing, evil-denouncing commander-in-chief, or this windsurfing, pate-eating, well-coiffed guy from Massachusetts." Obviously, the answer to that question wasn't very close."

by Long Haul on Mon Nov 15, 2004 at 06:41:45 PM EST

Bush Was Incumbent (none / 0)

You are probably right, the actual BC/04 campaign was not necessarily the kind of national campaign described here.  But Bush was the incumbent and he controlled both house of congress; all the committee chairs worked for his re-election.

So while BC/04 went to specific states, the propaganda to elect Bush was on the national news every single day.  Small but illustrative example:  Tom Ridge's blatant use of Terror Warnings and other announcements concerning terrorism were implicit and at times explicit propaganda to elect Bush.

Kerry/Edwards and the DNC needed to run a national campaign to counter it.  They did not.

by James Earl on Mon Nov 15, 2004 at 07:18:42 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Bush Was Incumbent (none / 0)

I did read somewhere today that Kerry had $45 million left over.  Probably most of it was a last minute deal so they had no way to spend it, but it makes you wonder what more might have been done.  Probably not enough to win, though, since it wasn't just the money spent but the lack of focus.
by Long Haul on Mon Nov 15, 2004 at 07:37:23 PM EST
[ Parent ]

National Campaign (none / 0)

This has been one of my hot-button issues since the 2000 campaign.  The piece-meal, electoral puzzle strategy is a loser because it requires too many things to break our way.

It was a particularly bad strategic plan this year.  Kerry had to demonstrate that he was ready to lead the nation, instead he only tried to convince swing state voters.  

Apart from the apparent failure to increase turnout in the Democratic base in safe states, the failure to run a national campaign prevented Kerry from pushing Bush/Cheney to the tipping point in the national polling.

One of the public perceptions that dogged the Kerry campaign was the widespread belief, even among Democrats, that Kerry could not win.  If he had run a national campaign, and ground down Bush's support in Red States, the national polls would have shown Bush's national support decreasing in line with national approval/disapproval and right track/wrong track polls.

While these polls drove everyone crazy, and continue to perplex, their most important impact is the way in which they are used throughout the campaign to show what the national as a whole is thinking, and the way they are used to portray each campaign in the press/media.  This latter audience is the most poll-obsessed audience in the world, and they react to what they see in the polls when they are slanting their coverage.

This is yet another reason that the DNC needs to clean house.  The mentalities of the electoral puzzle and the mechanical appeals to discrete demographics permeate everything they do.

by James Earl on Mon Nov 15, 2004 at 07:14:25 PM EST

Re: National Campaign (none / 0)

This is why Iowa and New Hampshire can't be first anymore. Everyone who was a weekend pundit said "Kerry's most electable" (please repeat that in your sassiest, most sarcastic voice).

Well Kerry WASN'T most electable. California gets first dibs next time, ya looosaars. We at least know who the stars are.

by Lemonsquare on Tue Nov 16, 2004 at 02:07:42 AM EST
[ Parent ]

republicans in trouble (none / 0)

almost every election after an incumbent party wins re-election the following election they tend to poll much less.so i wouldn`t be to negative about 2008,  with bush getting  only 51% it wouldn`t take much for the democrats to win with
the right candidate.
also my gut tells me the next 4 tears may be hell.
by JOEL1954 on Mon Nov 15, 2004 at 07:36:38 PM EST

Re: republicans in trouble (none / 0)

I agree with the possibility, but is a stat like that any more reliable than the fact that when the Washington Redskins lose the weekend before an election so do the GOP?  There is, after all, always a first time for everything.  Like the worst President ever getting (re-)elected.
by Long Haul on Mon Nov 15, 2004 at 07:44:28 PM EST
[ Parent ]

old news chris. (none / 0)

I had analyzed this the day after the election and posted it in my diary(it's still there).

the Long and short of it is: dub dub won texas by 1.5 million and four other southern states by .6 million each.

15 million (of the 115 million electorate) gave dubdub his 3.5 million popular vote lead.

by skatch on Mon Nov 15, 2004 at 07:43:19 PM EST

I did my part... (none / 0)

I posted here and kos I think and I tried to start an email chain to get folks in -any- safe state (blue or red) to GOTV for Kerry.  For just this reason. For the popular vote.

I hope I hope I hope that Dems via the DNC or whatever the appropriate organization, will have a strategy to organize and focus us next time.  Okay, maybe starting next week.

We need a fire-starter at the helm who understands the need --  and the potential of the internet to empower us all. Dean?

Let's learn a few lessons from the Repub's tight ship.  I don't want to march in Rovian lockstep, but we could at least be in the same parade, couldn't we?

by sarany on Mon Nov 15, 2004 at 07:45:34 PM EST

Safe States (none / 0)

Chris,
After reading  your post on this subject last week and reading some other posts the popular vote shift was obvious.  Kerry did not do was well in safe large states and 50% of Bush's margin came from Texas, Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia.   I think some of the discussions of the lack of the importance of voting in safe states held down the popular vote.  It is obvious the Republicans had a strategy on multiple levels and they worked it very well.  The only issue I cannot resolve in my mind, is the confidence theyhad in light of bad exit poll news.   They were calling networks to tell them the exit polls were wrong and sitting around all night like a cat that just swallowed a canary.    I am not a conspiracy prone person but that part does not add up to me.
by ncpatriot04 on Mon Nov 15, 2004 at 07:52:05 PM EST

Re: Safe States (none / 0)

I will write more about exit polls. They are that buzzing noise in the back of my head that won't go away,e ven though I believe we got beat. First, I need to understand exit polls better. I'll have some stuff on this.
by Chris Bowers on Mon Nov 15, 2004 at 08:07:13 PM EST
[ Parent ]

I disagree (none / 0)

with this assertion "Republicans fought a much more nationwide campaign". The advances made in the safe states can be explained by the fact that Bush had natural media advantage because of his incumbency.  While trough relentless advertising Kerry managed to address this imbalance in the battleground states, he was in the mercy of cable TV news when it came to safe or red states.

Take for example Bush visit to Britain with the invite of the Royal family, this was a week of coast to coast advertising for Bush, same with NATO meeting and G8 meeting. Domestic issues also kept him in the lime light.

by Nick on Mon Nov 15, 2004 at 07:56:40 PM EST

There is no doubt this is correct (none / 0)

And it also has downballot impact. All the focus on Colorado probably saved Salazar, while abandoning Louisiana allowed Vitter to avoid a runoff by slightly more than 1%.

Last week I looked at Steven Freeman's celebrated PDF announcing 250 million to 1 odds against the exit polls veering so sharply in Bush's favor. Freeman is obviously completely ignorant of the partisan index realities, if he embraces numbers like Kerry leading by 10 points in New Hampshire, etc. He not only ignores the partisan index, but also the average of state polls in those states, which come much closer to predicting the actual vote, other than in Florida.

Even when I accepted every exit poll percentage among Freeman's PDF and adjusted the actual vote in those 11 states accordingly, Kerry only gained 1,567,498 votes net. That's less than half the popular vote margin. Bush would still be leading the national vote by 50.67% to 48.99%, even after those adjustents, including 7 states with more than 2 million votes. It was obviously the ignored states that provided Bush the bulk of his margin, and as you say, cushion against controversy.  

by jagakid on Mon Nov 15, 2004 at 08:02:02 PM EST

A "safe" 50 state campaign... (none / 0)

Remember, when Trippi ran the 50 state campaign for Dean?  He was highly criticized later and probably rightly so as so many of the states did not even have primaries until much later...so that approach for the primaries was wrong, BUT the opposite was wrong for the national campaign.  The National campaign MUST have the "50" state approach.  Now it seems like such a simple concept to grasp.  Do you think the power folks now know it?
by lja on Mon Nov 15, 2004 at 08:04:07 PM EST

Part of the problem couldn't be helped (none / 0)

There was a "9/11 Changed Everything" mentality.  Blue states that were near the sites of any of the attacks on 9/11 did poorer than ones further distant.
by Geotpf on Mon Nov 15, 2004 at 08:05:09 PM EST

I disagree too (none / 0)

that Republicans ran a "national" campaign.  Yeah Bush had his Convention where I am located (NYC), but there wasn't any evidence whatsoever that the Republicans campaigned here.  There was no signs or advertisements or GOTV effort for Bush in NYC.  Yet Bush still improved his vote total by 200,000 or so against Kerry as compared to what he did against Gore 4 years ago (Bush got about 150,000 more than 4 yrs ago, Kerry got about 50,000 less than Gore).  I'm not sure what that results from, but I don't think it results from Republicans campaigning here.
by BigModerate on Mon Nov 15, 2004 at 08:10:18 PM EST

Who cares? It's over... (none / 0)

we spend too much time talking about the past and not about how we are going to win in '08.  Also Chris, I don't trust your analysis anymore (sorry).
by JohnKerry on Mon Nov 15, 2004 at 08:57:25 PM EST

Even greater error (none / 0)

If my experience was at all typical, the error may be greater than you've indicated.  I live in Baltimore and so went up to PA to do some voter registration.  Well everyone I talked to had already been solicited three or more times, what with ACT, MoveOn, the Democratic Party, and other independents.  I could have been much more effective going to VA, but the national organizations were all focused on the swing states.  The good news though is that I believe we had the personnel, they were just poorly utilized.  Also, to avoid laying blame, I suspect the problem was in part that the size of the GOTV effort exceeded expectations.  Had we known how many folks would be available, more might have been done in the non-swing states.
by 8051FSW on Mon Nov 15, 2004 at 10:23:21 PM EST

Points about winning the popular vote (none / 0)

I think your points are an elaboration of the essental view of Dean and Rove in this season  that getting the base motivated and voting would be the key to victory and Bush did a better job of that.

But, one clear characterisitc of the campaign was the incessant pro Bush corporate media drum beat which increased the effectiveness of the Bush campain in the "safe" states.

In another thread I mentioned how one of our local news stations keeps up the nightly pro - war, pro - Bush policy equals patriotism message, the propaganda continues night after night.

In the face of a very negative campaign by Bush Kerry was unwilling to go negative and did not attempt to tarnish Bush and his personality and foibles, they felt that would back-fire.

Clinton and Carter among others held that would be the wrong stratagy.

But the critisism that Kerry was overall too timid seems valid. He believed mid year that all he had to do was to preserve his electability, and that would be sufficient to defeat Bush who was nose diving in the polls at that point.

The constant pro Bush corporate media and constant Bush campaign negative attacks against Kerry succeded in turning the numbers around.

Yes, a better more appealing candidate than Kerry could have done better in these circustances in all 50 states.  

So your points are right but again, Kerry had his own limitations and circumstances to deal with.

They obviously felt they did not have the ability to move the numbers in those safe states and electorially made the right decision.

The swing state stratagy, if the votes had not been stolen and supressed, would have been the winning stratagy.

Again, I do not believe the results that have been given to us to date, particularly in Florida and Ohio and there are other states still in doubt like NC and NM.

Your points about running a 50 state campaign as a means of increasing vote everywhere including the swing states is a valid criticism of the Kerry campaign. The presidental race is to a degree a popularity contest and the Bush campaing tarnished Kerry's image.

But I believe our loss comes down to stolen, converted and surpressed votes in the vital swing states and there was little Kerry could do to move the numbers in the safe states.

And these factors in addition to Kerry's timidity to stake out a truely divergent set of policies from those of Bush were limiting factors as well.

What this all really leads to is this;

  1. find a candidate next time who is so popular that he/she wins despite these factors, unlikely

  2. don't take your base for granted in safe states, electoral impact = 0

  3. learn to fight fire with fire, which democrats are un-willing to do (go negative, supress and deny GOP voter's rights, run dirty tircks against them),

Out of the question for most democrats so they will continue to lose
by leschwartz on Mon Nov 15, 2004 at 10:27:45 PM EST

Here some data to mull over (none / 0)

Interesting analysis of the vote in Florida:

FLORIDA 2004 - CHECK OUT THE DATA IN YELLOW FOR 'BALLOT SCANNED' COUNTIES

"Among their preliminary findings, the group listed a shortage of early voting locations in Duval County, Fla., the largest county in Florida in area and voting-age population, the failure of electronic voting machines in three South Carolina counties, and the loss of votes at a North Carolina precinct when too much information was stored on a computer unit."

Group Finds Voting Irregularities in South

"Check page 23 Gahanna 1B for the unbelievable Bush victory, page 285 prop 1 is the Gay Marriage Ban- which you'd think at least some of the 4,258 rabid Bush voters would have also supported, but amazingly all 4,000 of them forgot."

Too many voting 'irregularities' to be coincidence

by ppidgeon on Mon Nov 15, 2004 at 10:37:05 PM EST

Who cares? (none / 0)

My first inclination was to say "who cares?"  the presidential election is not won by popular vote.  Hell, if it wasn't for 130,000 voters (maybe less) in ONE swing state, then Kerry would be President.

The argument about the popular vote is academic.  We should be asking "Why Kerry's 20 state strategy didn't work."  

by pauldean on Tue Nov 16, 2004 at 12:04:58 AM EST

National Cable (3.00 / 1)

I've been saying it since the election:

BC'04 advertised on national cable.  They ran nationwide ads on Fox News, on the country music channels, on "red state events" like NASCAR and truck pulls.  If you live in a safe state and didn't watch those stations, you didn't see ANY presidential advertising.

They also worked through other channels to maximize their national turnout: emails and churches, especially.  It was an under-the-radar targetted strategy by Rove to inflate Bush's popular vote and avoid being re-elected as the popular vote loser.  It was not a red or blue state thing, either: it worked in both Red states AND Blue states: it gave Bush larger margins in Red states, and it cut into Kerry's margins in Blue states.  

Only in the battleground states where KE'04 was active was the election actually contested: that's why the "national popular vote victory" this year is irrelevant - one side made a determined effort to win it, the other did not (unlike 2000, when prior to the election, nobody cared about it or took any measures to inflate their totals).

by Silent E on Tue Nov 16, 2004 at 08:54:44 AM EST

Re: National Cable (none / 0)

Bingo! Nationable cable should have been part of the Kerry campaign's summer advertising mix for several reasons:

  1. It can be a very effective way to target swing demographic groups.

  2. People in safe states talk to people in swing states and they also show up in the national, so the so-called "wasted" ad impressions in safe states can indirectly help the effort in swing states.

  3. A stronger Kerry-Edwards presence in safe states would have helped downticket Democrats.

by EvanstonDem on Tue Nov 16, 2004 at 01:17:13 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Off base criticisms of Kerry campaign (none / 0)

People are criticizing Kerry's nearly exclusive focus on the swing states because it may have lost him the national popular vote by a wider margin.

Yet, had Kerry WON the electoral vote, which of course he came very close to doing, he would have been hailed as a genius, and the Bush campaign lambasted as fools, because of how each focused their campaigns.

It may be of course that Bush got some extra votes even in the swing states because of his standing in the national polls. Who knows? Certainly, whatever votes Kerry might have lost in the swing states because of this highly indirect effect was very likely more than compensated for by the many votes he won by focusing his advertising on, and targetting his message to, the swing states.

It's very hard to see how the gap between Bush's numbers in the safe states, and his numbers in the swing states, is a sign of strategic brilliance.

In the end, greater success WHERE IT COUNTS almost has to be a sign of a more intelligent, more strategic campaign, and the flip of this has to be the sign of strategic ineptness.

Again, if you think this is false, entertain for a moment how Kerry's campaign would have been judged had it swung an additional 70,000 votes to its side in Ohio.

by frankly0 on Tue Nov 16, 2004 at 10:21:57 AM EST

Re: Off base criticisms of Kerry campaign (none / 0)

Just to make one further point: is it really plausible that Kerry lost significant votes in the swing states because he may have been down a couple of more points in national polls than he was in the swing states?

Wasn't it granted pretty much all around, by the time of election day, that, based on the national polls, the election could go either way, and, based on the polls in the swing states, Kerry was up essentially as often as he was down?

How, in the face of this, can one argue that Bush won significant votes in the swing states because he was perceived as the certain or even likely winner?

by frankly0 on Tue Nov 16, 2004 at 10:31:12 AM EST
[ Parent ]

That (none / 0)

is outstanding analysis Chris, and an even better conclusion.  We have to fight for every vote in every state.  If running commercials is too expensive then at least a ground effort is mandatory in all the non competitive states especially NY and CA where we can mine millions of votes for the popular total, but also attempt to hold our own in places like Texas and even the less populous Western States.  I'm sure there are many Dems that view voting as a hopeless enterprise.  Tha Electoral College is corrupt.  Plain and simple.  It has no redeeming value whatsoever, and must be done away with.  Even though we lost this time, I can live with one person, one vote.  
by fred on Tue Nov 16, 2004 at 10:38:18 AM EST

also what's right (none / 0)

Ignoring much of the country makes no sense a number of reasons:  1) as I saw someone post in teh last couple of weeks, when you write off the south or red states you're not just writing off geography but a whole demographic.  If you make an effort to speak to those states, then you are also speaking to people in Iowa and Ohio. 2) there are congressional and Senate campaigns in those states.  Maybe Kerry couldn't have swung any races, but I've never seen a Presidential campaign so disconnected from local races. 3) we're supposed to be a national party, not a 20 state party.  in this election, the republicans were a national party. 4) say john Kerry had made a tour of civil rights landmarks in the south--Selma, Jackson, etc.  would he have won those states? no. but, he could have reasserted what was best in the legacy of the democratic party and the legacy of the 60's.  And maybe some of those folks in Selma and Jackson have relatives in Florida and Ohio and Virginia.
by brossnick on Tue Nov 16, 2004 at 12:04:49 PM EST

Let us not forget (none / 0)

Kerry was running against an incumbent president.  That fact automatically gave the GOP a huge boost in running nationwide.  In hindsight, you could argue in fact that Kerry should have dropped Florida and poured those resources and campaign stops into Ohio.  He might be president today if that had happened.  
by Randi on Tue Nov 16, 2004 at 12:33:01 PM EST


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